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      Efecto de un curso de relación de ayuda sobre la elección de respuesta espontánea e identificación de respuesta empática en alumnos de enfermería Translated title: Effect of a counseling course on the choice of spontaneous response and empathetic response identification by nursury students

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          Abstract

          Objetivos: determinar la tendencia de respuesta espontánea de alumnos de Enfermería ante situaciones simuladas de conflicto emocional antes y después de cursar una asignatura de relación de ayuda. Método: estudio cuasiexperimental pretest-postest en un grupo de 78 estudiantes de enfermería. Se aplicó un ejercicio de elección de respuesta espontánea antes y después de cursar una asignatura de relación de ayuda. Cincuenta estudiantes participaron en el pretest y 75 en el postest. Se evaluó la elección de respuesta entre seis tipos a elegir. Como contraste de medias prueba T para muestras relacionadas e independientes. Chi cuadrado para observar las distribuciones de elección de respuesta; intervalo de confianza 95%. Resultados: antes del curso eligieron espontáneamente la respuesta empática en el 9% de las ocasiones, mientras que al acabar el curso lo hicieron en el 43% de las ocasiones. El 33% de respuesta de apoyo-consuelo inicial disminuyó a 10%; el 30% de respuestas de solución de problema inicial disminuyó a 19%; el 18% de respuestas de valoración o juicio moral inicial disminuyó a 11%; el 8% de respuestas de investigación aumentó a 12%; medias estadísticamente significativas entre sus diferencias pre y postest. Se observaron pequeñas diferencias de género. Conclusiones: Los resultados apuntan a la validez de la formación en relación de ayuda para el aprendizaje de la respuesta empática.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: to determine spontaneous response tendency in emotionally conflictive simulated situations by nursery students before and after attending a counseling subject. Method: pretest-posttest cuasiexperimental study with a group of 78 nursing students. They were applied a spontaneous response choice test before and after studying a subject on counseling. There were 50 participants that answered the pre-test and 75 the post-test. The answer choice out of 6 posibilities was evaluated. T test was performed for related samples and for independent samples. Chi square test to observe response distribution; 95% confidence interval. Results: previous to studying this subject, students spontaneously selected empathetic response in 9% of the cases while after the end of the study in 43% occasions. The initial 33% of support-consolation responses decreased to 10%; the 30% problem-solving responses decreased to 19% and the 18% evaluation or moral judgement responses decreased to 11%; the 8% of initial investigation responses increased to 12%; differences between averages pre and post-test were statistically significant. Conclusions: Results point to counseling training utility as a learning method for empathetic response.

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          Most cited references43

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          The gender similarities hypothesis.

          Janet Hyde (2005)
          The differences model, which argues that males and females are vastly different psychologically, dominates the popular media. Here, the author advances a very different view, the gender similarities hypothesis, which holds that males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variables. Results from a review of 46 meta-analyses support the gender similarities hypothesis. Gender differences can vary substantially in magnitude at different ages and depend on the context in which measurement occurs. Overinflated claims of gender differences carry substantial costs in areas such as the workplace and relationships. Copyright (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved.
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            Effect of communications training on medical student performance.

            Although physicians' communication skills have been found to be related to clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction, teaching of communication skills has not been fully integrated into many medical school curricula or adequately evaluated with large-scale controlled trials. To determine whether communications training for medical students improves specific competencies known to affect outcomes of care. A communications curriculum instituted in 2000-2001 at 3 US medical schools was evaluated with objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs). The same OSCEs were administered to a comparison cohort of students in the year before the intervention. One hundred thirty-eight randomly selected medical students (38% of eligible students) in the comparison cohort, tested at the beginning and end of their third year (1999-2000), and 155 students in the intervention cohort (42% of eligible students), tested at the beginning and end of their third year (2000-2001). Comprehensive communications curricula were developed at each school using an established educational model for teaching and practicing core communication skills and engaging students in self-reflection on their performance. Communications teaching was integrated with clinical material during the third year, required clerkships, and was supported by formal faculty development. Standardized patients assessed student performance in OSCEs on 21 skills related to 5 key patient care tasks: relationship development and maintenance, patient assessment, education and counseling, negotiation and shared decision making, and organization and time management. Scores were calculated as percentage of maximum possible performance. Adjusting for baseline differences, students exposed to the intervention significantly outperformed those in the comparison cohort on the overall OSCE (65.4% vs 60.4%; 5.1% difference; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9%-6.3%; P<.001), relationship development and maintenance (5.3% difference; 95% CI, 3.8%-6.7%; P<.001), organization and time management (1.8% difference; 95% CI, 1.0%-2.7%; P<.001), and subsets of cases addressing patient assessment (6.7% difference; 95% CI, 5.9%-7.8%; P<.001) and negotiation and shared decision making (5.7% difference; 95% CI, 4.5%-6.9%; P<.001). Similar effects were found at each of the 3 schools, though they differed in magnitude. Communications curricula using an established educational model significantly improved third-year students' overall communications competence as well as their skills in relationship building, organization and time management, patient assessment, and negotiation and shared decision making-tasks that are important to positive patient outcomes. Improvements were observed at each of the 3 schools despite adaptation of the intervention to the local curriculum and culture.
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              Are women more empathetic than men? A longitudinal study in adolescence.

              Since the 1970s there has been a growing interest in analysing sex differences in psychological variables. Empirical studies and meta-analyses have contributed evidence on the differences between male and female individuals. More recently, the gender similarities hypothesis has supported the similarity of men and women in most psychological variables. This study contributes information on women's greater empathic disposition in comparison with men by means of a longitudinal design in an adolescent population. 505 male and female adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years were evaluated at two different moments (grade 2 and grade 3, lower secondary education). They completed the Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents by Bryant and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index by Davis. The results confirm a greater empathic response in females than in males of the same age, differences growing with age. The sizes of the effect estimated in the second evaluation (average age 14 years) are large for emotional empathy and medium for cognitive empathy.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                geroko
                Gerokomos
                Gerokomos
                Idemm Farma, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                1134-928X
                March 2012
                : 23
                : 1
                : 23-28
                Affiliations
                [01] Tres Cantos orgnameReligiosos Camilos orgdiv1Centro de Humanización de la Salud España
                Article
                S1134-928X2012000100005
                10.4321/S1134-928X2012000100005
                644d5a3a-6307-4ebb-a755-2e1a7e0e44a7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Spain


                Respuesta espontánea,situaciones simuladas,relación de ayuda,respuesta empática,profesionales de la salud,habilidades de comunicación,Spontaneous response,simulated situations,counseling,empathetic response,healthcare professionals,communication skills

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