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      Salud mental de médicos y enfermeras en situaciones de crisis sanitaria Translated title: Mental health of doctors and nurses in health crisis situations

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha generado muchas repercusiones en la salud mental de la población, sobre todo en aquellos que se encuentran trabajando en la primera línea de atención. Objetivo: Caracterizar al personal de la salud de primera línea, según el nivel de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, en el contexto de la pandemia por la COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se encuestó a profesionales de la salud involucrados en la atención de primera línea a pacientes COVID-19 en áreas críticas, entre octubre y diciembre de 2020. Se utilizó la Escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés para medir las variables dependientes; además, se recolectaron las variables epidemiológicas: sexo, edad y tipo de profesión. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos mediante tablas de frecuencias/porcentajes y tablas cruzadas. Resultados: De los 86 médicos y enfermeros encuestados, el 36,05 % presentaba depresión, a predominio del nivel moderado, 55,81 % presentaba ansiedad a predominio del nivel leve y 53,49 % presentaba estrés, a predominio del nivel leve. Se encontraron mayores niveles de depresión (71 %), ansiedad (75 %) y estrés en el personal del sexo femenino (73,91 %), en el grupo etario de 41-60 años se encontraron mayores niveles de estrés (64,52 %), ansiedad (64,58 %) y estrés (30,43 %); en el grupo profesional de enfermeros se encontraron mayores niveles de depresión (67,71 %), ansiedad (72,92 %) y estrés (67,39 %). Conclusión: De los 3 trastornos psicopatológicos estudiados en los profesionales de la salud, se presenta en mayor porcentaje la ansiedad, seguido del estrés y la depresión. Los participantes de sexo femenino, el grupo etario de 41-60 años y los enfermeros, presentan mayores niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated many repercussions in the mental health of the population, especially in those working in the front line of care. Objective: To characterize front-line health care personnel according to the level of depression, anxiety, and stress in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Health professionals involved in the first-line care of COVID-19 patients in critical areas were surveyed between October and December 2020. The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale was used to measure the dependent variables; in addition, epidemiological variables were collected: sex, age and type of profession. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed using frequency/percentage tables and cross tables. Results: Of the 86 physicians and nurses surveyed, 36.05 % presented depression, predominantly at the moderate level, 55.81 % presented anxiety, predominantly at the mild level, and 53.49 % presented stress, predominantly at the mild level. Higher levels of depression (71 %), anxiety (75 %) and stress were found in female personnel (73.91 %), in the 41-60 age group higher levels of stress (64.52 %), anxiety (64.58 %) and stress (30.43 %) were found, and in the professional group of nurses higher levels of depression (67.71 %), anxiety (72.92 %) and stress (67.39 %) were found. Conclusion: Of the 3 psychopathological disorders studied in the health professionals, the one with the highest percentage is anxiety, followed by stress and depression. Female participants, the 41-60 years age group, and nurses have higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress.

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          The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria

          Background The impact of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the governmental restrictions on mental health have been reported for different countries. This study evaluated mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in Austria and the effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity. Methods An online survey was performed through Qualtrics® after four weeks of lockdown in Austria to recruit a representative sample regarding gender, age, education, and region. Indicators of mental health were quality of life (WHO-QOL BREF), well-being (WHO-5), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), stress (PSS-10), and sleep quality (ISI). Results In total, N = 1005 individuals were included (53% women). 21% scored above the cut off ≥10 points (PHQ-9) for moderate depressive symptoms, 119% scored above the cut-off ≥10 points (GAD-7) for moderate anxiety symptoms, and 16% above the cut-off ≥15 points (ISI) for clinical insomnia. ANOVAs, Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc tests, and t-tests showed highest mental health problems in adults under 35 years, women, people with no work, and low income (all p-values <.05). Comparisons with a large Austrian sample recruited within the ATHIS 2014 study showed increases of depression and decreases of quality of life in times of COVID-19 as compared to before COVID-19. Conclusions Depressive symptoms (21%) and anxiety symptoms (19%) are higher during COVID-19 compared to previous epidemiological data. 16% rated over the cut-off for moderate or severe clinical insomnia. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown seems particularly stressful for younger adults (<35 years), women, people without work, and low income.
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            Niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en la primera fase del brote del COVID-19 en una muestra recogida en el norte de España

            En marzo de 2020, el virus SARS-CoV-2 procedente de China ha llegado a España y desde el 14 de marzo se ha declarado el estado de alarma en todo el Estado español, llevando al confinamiento a toda la población. La presente investigación se contextualiza en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca (situada al norte de España). Se han analizado los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión a la llegada del virus y se han estudiado los niveles de sintomatología psicológica según edad, cronicidad y confinamiento. Se ha recogido una muestra de 976 personas y la medición de las variables ansiedad, estrés y depresión se ha hecho mediante la escala DASS (Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés). Los resultados demuestran que, aunque los niveles de sintomatología han sido bajos en general al principio de la alarma, la población más joven y con enfermedades crónicas ha referido sintomatología más alta que el resto de población. También se ha detectado un mayor nivel de sintomatología a partir del confinamiento, donde las personas tienen prohibido salir de sus casas. Se prevé que la sintomatología aumentará según vaya transcurriendo el confinamiento. Se defienden intervenciones psicológicas de prevención y tratamiento para bajar el impacto psicológico que pueda crear esta pandemia.
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              The mental health of healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review

              Purpose The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is widely spreading all over the world, causing mental health problems for most people. The medical staff is also under considerable psychological pressure. This study aimed to review all research carried out on the mental health status of health care workers (HCWs) to bring policymakers and managers’ attention. Methods A literature search conducted through e-databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) from December 2019 up to April 12th 2020. All cross- sectional studies published in English which assessed the health workers’ psychological well-being during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic included. Study quality was analyzed using NHLBI Study Quality assessment tools. Results One hundred relevant articles were identified through systematic search; of which eleven studies were eligible for this review. Their quality score was acceptable. The lowest reported prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among HCWs was 24.1%, 12.1%, and 29.8%, respectively. In addition, the highest reported values for the aforementioned parameters were 67.55%, 55.89%, and 62.99%, respectively. Nurses, female workers, front-line health care workers, younger medical staff, and workers in areas with higher infection rates reported more severe degrees of all psychological symptoms than other health care workers. Moreover, vicarious traumatization in non-front-line nurses and the general public was higher than that of the front-line nurses. Conclusion During SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the health care workers face aggravated psychological pressure and even mental illness. It would be recommended to the policymakers and managers to adopt the supportive, encouragement & motivational, protective, and training & educational interventions, especially through information and communication platform.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                mil
                Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar
                Rev Cub Med Mil
                ECIMED (Ciudad de la Habana, , Cuba )
                0138-6557
                1561-3046
                September 2022
                : 51
                : 3
                : e1955
                Affiliations
                [1] Lima orgnameUniversidad Ricardo Palma orgdiv1Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Biomédicas (INICIB) Peru
                [2] Lima orgnameHospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins Perú
                Article
                S0138-65572022000300004 S0138-6557(22)05100300004
                62a83f48-be73-45ce-9771-64027314c00f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 April 2022
                : 04 July 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN

                pandemias,pandemics,depression, anxiety, stress,health personnel,ansiedad,depresión,estrés,personal de salud

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