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      Kinderrechte in österreichischen Krankenhäusern: Umsetzungsfaktoren für die Beteiligung von Kindern Translated title: Children’s rights in Austrian hospitals: implementation factors for children’s participation

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          Abstract

          Hintergrund

          Für Kinder und Jugendliche (sowie deren Eltern) ist es wichtig, in Entscheidungen bezüglich ihrer Behandlung eingebunden zu werden und mitzusprechen. Dennoch sind Partizipationsprozesse nicht überall in die Behandlungsabläufe in Krankenhäusern eingebaut. Über die Umsetzung von Kinderrechten bzw. Partizipation in österreichischen Krankenhäusern gab es bisher keine Daten.

          Fragestellung

          Die Studie untersucht, inwiefern Kinderrechte (insbesondere das Recht auf Partizipation) und die EACH-Charta in österreichischen Krankenhäusern bekannt sind, wie sie umgesetzt werden und was förderliche und hinderliche Faktoren dabei sind.

          Methoden

          Es wurden eine Fragebogenerhebung unter ärztlichen und pflegerischen Leitungspersonen auf Kinder- und Jugendstationen ( n = 133) sowie qualitative Interviews mit Fachexpert:innen, medizinischem Fachpersonal sowie betroffenen Eltern und einer Jugendlichen ( n = 15) durchgeführt.

          Ergebnisse

          In Krankenhäusern wird bereits Einiges getan, um die Rechte von Kindern zu wahren. Es herrscht vielerorts Bewusstsein für eine kindzentrierte Behandlung und für die Notwendigkeit, Kinder und Jugendliche während ihres Krankenhausaufenthalts partizipieren zu lassen. Dennoch zeigen die Interviews mit Eltern, dass es große Unterschiede zwischen Krankenhäusern gibt.

          Diskussion

          Es wurden 3 Bereiche für Handlungsempfehlungen identifiziert: 1. Verankerung der Kinderrechte – gesetzlich und in der Ausbildung des medizinischen Fachpersonals, 2. Stärkung der Team- und Feedbackkultur, z. B. durch mehr Personalressourcen für Teamarbeit, und 3. gute Gesundheitsinformation und gute Gesprächsqualität durch qualitätsgesicherte, verständliche, evidenzbasierte Informationen für Kinder und Jugendliche sowie durch patientenzentrierte Gesprächsführung der medizinischen Fachkräfte.

          Translated abstract

          Background

          Various studies show that it is important for children and adolescents (as well as their parents) to be involved and have a say in decisions regarding treatment. Nevertheless, it seems that participation processes are not necessarily implemented into hospital routines everywhere. So far, no study has been conducted on the implementation of children’s rights or participation in Austrian hospitals.

          Objective

          Our study aimed at investigating the extent to which children’s rights (especially the right to participation) and the European Association of Children in Hospital (EACH) Charter are known in Austrian hospitals, how they are implemented, and which facilitating and hindering factors can be identified.

          Methods

          A questionnaire survey was conducted among the chief medical and nursing staff on wards where children and adolescents are treated ( n = 133), and qualitative interviews were conducted with experts on children’s rights, medical and nursing staff, parents and one adolescent girl ( n = 15). The results and recommendations for action that were derived from the data were discussed and validated in an expert workshop.

          Results

          The medical and nursing staff in Austrian children’s and adolescents’ wards are already doing a lot to implement and uphold children’s rights. There is awareness of the need for child-centered treatment and the need to allow children and adolescents to participate during their hospital stay. Nevertheless, the interviews with parents show that there are large differences between hospitals and that there is still a lot to be done.

          Conclusion

          Based on the results, three areas for recommendations for action were identified: 1) anchoring children’s rights, both legally and in the training of medical and nursing staff, 2) strengthening the team and feedback culture, e.g., through more staff resources for good teamwork and 3) good health information and good conversation quality. This means that health information for children and adolescents should be quality assured, comprehensible, evidence-based and on aspects relevant to them. Conversations between health professionals and patients and their relatives, should be patient-centered, which can be promoted through training, introduction of quality standards and guidelines.

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          Most cited references25

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          Is Open Access

          Children's active participation in decision‐making processes during hospitalisation: An observational study

          Abstract Aims and objectives The aim was to explore and describe the child's active participation in daily healthcare practice at children's hospital units in Sweden. Objectives (a) Identify everyday situations in medical and nursing care that illustrate children's active participation in decision‐making, (b) identify various ways of active participation, actual and optimal in situations involving decision‐making and (c) explore factors in nursing and medical care that influence children's active participation in decision‐making. Background Despite active participation being a fundamental right for children, they are not always involved in decision‐making processes during their health care. There still remains uncertainty on how to support children to actively participate in decisions concerning their health care. Design A qualitative study with overt, nonparticipant observations fulfilling the COREQ checklist criteria. Methods Observations of interactions between children aged 2 and 17 years with both acute and chronic conditions, their parents, and healthcare professionals were conducted at three paediatric hospitals in Sweden. The Scale of Degrees of Self Determination was used to grade identified situations. The scale describes five levels of active participation, with level one being the least and level five being the most active level of participation. Normative judgements were also made. Results Children's active participation was assessed as being generally at levels four and five. Children demonstrated both verbal and nonverbal ways of communication during decision‐making. Findings indicated that children's, parents' and healthcare professional's actions influenced children's active participation in decision‐making processes involving healthcare. Conclusions Healthcare professionals specialised in paediatrics need to embrace both a child perspective and a child's perspective, plan care incorporating key elements of a child‐centred care approach, to ensure children's active participation at a level of their choosing. Relevance to clinical practice There is a need for awareness creation to help healthcare professionals facilitate children's active participation in their care and decision‐making.
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            Participation in communication and decision-making: children and young people's experiences in a hospital setting.

            To explore hospitalised children and young people's experiences of participation in communication and decision-making. There is a growing recognition internationally that children and young people have a right to participate in matters that affect their lives. Although this has led to more support for children's participation in communication exchanges and decision-making in health care, there remains a lack of studies in this area. Qualitative. Data were obtained through a combination of focus groups and single interviews with participants aged 7-18 (n = 55), from three hospitals in Ireland. Children wanted to be included in communication exchanges but appeared to occupy a marginal role with discussions largely carried out between parents and health professionals. They wanted to participate in 'small' everyday decisions about their care and treatment but were constrained mainly by adults' actions. Although children want to be included in the decision-making process, some prefer to leave the more 'serious' decisions to parents and health professionals, whilst others prefer to share the decision. Children's preferences can vary; therefore, decision-making should be seen as being on a continuum rather than an 'all or nothing' basis. Health care professionals and parents appear to play a significant role on whether children's efforts to participate are facilitated and supported in the hospital setting. Clearly, some may have reservations/concerns about children's participation, which suggests the need for clear guidelines/policies that reflect all stakeholder views. Children should be supported in having their voices heard in matters that directly affect their lives. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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              Adolescents' and parents' views of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in Ireland

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                lisa.gugglberger@goeg.at
                Journal
                Monatsschr Kinderheilkd
                Monatsschr Kinderheilkd
                Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                0026-9298
                1433-0474
                12 May 2022
                : 1-7
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.502403.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0437 2768, Gesundheit Österreich GmbH, ; Stubenring 6, 1010 Wien, Österreich
                Author notes
                [Redaktion]

                Berthold Koletzko, München

                Thomas Lücke, Bochum

                Ertan Mayatepek, Düsseldorf

                Norbert Wagner, Aachen

                Stefan Wirth, Wuppertal

                Fred Zepp, Mainz

                Article
                1505
                10.1007/s00112-022-01505-9
                9097564
                61b04acf-0b46-4dcc-9f35-75ff35747322
                © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                : 12 October 2021
                : 24 March 2022
                Categories
                Originalien

                teamkultur,partizipation,gesundheitsinformation,patientenzentrierte gesprächsführung,each-charta,patient participation,team culture,health information,patient centred communication,each-charter

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