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      The Multifaceted Role of Long Non-Coding RNA in Gastric Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives

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          Abstract

          Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major public health concerns. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been increasingly demonstrated to possess a strong correlation with GC and play a critical role in GC occurrence, progression, metastasis and drug resistance. Many studies have shed light on the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in GC. In this review, we summarized the updated research about lncRNAs in GC, focusing on their roles in Helicobacter pylori infection, GC metastasis, tumor microenvironment regulation, drug resistance and associated signaling pathways. LncRNAs may serve as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of GC and potential therapeutic targets. The research gaps and future directions were also discussed.

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          Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation

          Douglas Hanahan, Robert A. Weinberg (2011)
          The hallmarks of cancer comprise six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors. The hallmarks constitute an organizing principle for rationalizing the complexities of neoplastic disease. They include sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis. Underlying these hallmarks are genome instability, which generates the genetic diversity that expedites their acquisition, and inflammation, which fosters multiple hallmark functions. Conceptual progress in the last decade has added two emerging hallmarks of potential generality to this list-reprogramming of energy metabolism and evading immune destruction. In addition to cancer cells, tumors exhibit another dimension of complexity: they contain a repertoire of recruited, ostensibly normal cells that contribute to the acquisition of hallmark traits by creating the "tumor microenvironment." Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of new means to treat human cancer. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            LncRNA-mediated regulation of cell signaling in cancer

            Wan-Xin Peng, Pratirodh Koirala, Yin-Yuan Mo (2017)
            To date, a large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recently discovered through functional genomics studies. Importantly, lncRNAs have been shown, in many cases, to function as master regulators for gene expression and thus, they can play a critical role in various biological functions and disease processes including cancer. Although the lncRNA-mediated gene expression involves various mechanisms, such as regulation of transcription, translation, protein modification, and the formation of RNA-protein or protein-protein complexes, in this review we discuss the latest developments primarily in important cell signaling pathways regulated by lncRNAs in cancer.
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              Non-coding RNA networks in cancer

              Eleni Anastasiadou, Leni S Jacob, Frank J Slack (2017)
              Thousands of unique non-coding RNA (ncRNA) sequences exist within cells. Work from the past decade has altered our perception of ncRNAs from 'junk' transcriptional products to functional regulatory molecules that mediate cellular processes including chromatin remodelling, transcription, post-transcriptional modifications and signal transduction. The networks in which ncRNAs engage can influence numerous molecular targets to drive specific cell biological responses and fates. Consequently, ncRNAs act as key regulators of physiological programmes in developmental and disease contexts. Particularly relevant in cancer, ncRNAs have been identified as oncogenic drivers and tumour suppressors in every major cancer type. Thus, a deeper understanding of the complex networks of interactions that ncRNAs coordinate would provide a unique opportunity to design better therapeutic interventions.
              Article 0 comments Cited 686 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Biol Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Biol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijbs
                Title: International Journal of Biological Sciences
                Publisher: Ivyspring International Publisher (Sydney )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1449-2288
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 June 2021
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 11
                Pages: 2737-2755
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
                [2 ]South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
                [3 ]Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
                [4 ]Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
                [5 ]Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangzhou, China.
                Author notes
                ✉ Corresponding authors: Xu Wu, PhD, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China. Tel: +86-13882770623. E-mail: wuxulz@ 123456126.com . Mingxing Li, PhD, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China. Tel: +86-13882773663. E-mail: star.lee@ 123456hotmail.com .

                #These authors contributed equally to the work.

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

                Article
                Publisher ID: ijbsv17p2737
                DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.61410
                PMC ID: 8326121
                PubMed ID: 34345204
                SO-VID: 60991162-8cdd-40e1-8cf7-a414e4e05a65
                Copyright © © The author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.

                History
                Date received : 9 April 2021
                Date accepted : 8 June 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: long non-coding rna,gastric cancer,drug resistance,helicobacter pylori,tumor microenvironment
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: long non-coding rna, gastric cancer, drug resistance, helicobacter pylori, tumor microenvironment

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