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      Feasibility and usability of a non‐immersive virtual reality tele‐cognitive app in cognitive rehabilitation of patients affected by Parkinson's disease

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          Abstract

          Background

          Cognitive impairment is one of the most common non‐motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability/usability of a protocol using a non‐immersive virtual reality tele‐cognitive app, performed remotely in a sample of Italian patients with PD.

          Methods

          Non‐demented patients with mild PD were included in the study. Patients performed the cognitive rehabilitation in a remote way, at home (three training sessions lasting 20 min/week for 6 weeks) using the NeuroNation app, downloaded for free on the patients' smartphones. The usability and feasibility of the tele‐cognitive rehabilitation program were assessed with the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS).

          Results

          Sixteen patients (9 men and 7 women; mean age 58.4 ± 8.3 years; mean disease duration 4.6 ± 2.1 years) were included in the study. At the end of the study, the mean SUS was 83.4 ± 11.5. The GAS score recorded at the end of the study (65.6 ± 4.2) was significantly higher than at baseline (38.5 ± 2.4; P‐value <0.001).

          Conclusion

          In our sample, good feasibility and usability were observed for a 6‐week cognitive rehabilitation protocol based on the non‐immersive virtual reality tele‐cognitive app NeuroNation. Our data support the usefulness of cognitive rehabilitation performed in a remote way in PD patients.

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          Most cited references27

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          An Empirical Evaluation of the System Usability Scale

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            Non-motor features of Parkinson disease

            Parkinson disease is often characterized as a disorder of movement; however, it is also associated with many non-motor features, some of which appear early in the disease course. In this article, Schapira and colleagues provide an overview of these diverse features and their neurobiological basis.
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              The PRIAMO study: A multicenter assessment of nonmotor symptoms and their impact on quality of life in Parkinson's disease.

              We performed a multicenter survey using a semistructured interview in 1,072 consecutive patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) enrolled during 12 months in 55 Italian centers to assess the prevalence of nonmotor symptoms (NMSs), their association with cognitive impairment, and the impact on patients' quality of life (QoL). We found that 98.6% of patients with PD reported the presence of NMSs. The most common were as follows: fatigue (58%), anxiety (56%), leg pain (38%), insomnia (37%), urgency and nocturia (35%), drooling of saliva and difficulties in maintaining concentration (31%). The mean number of NMS per patient was 7.8 (range, 0-32). NMS in the psychiatric domain were the most frequent (67%). Frequency of NMS increased along with the disease duration and severity. Patients with cognitive impairment reported more frequently apathy, attention/memory deficit, and psychiatric symptoms. Apathy was the symptom associated with worse PDQ-39 score but also presence of fatigue, attention/memory, and psychiatric symptoms had a negative impact on QoL. These findings further support a key role for NMS in the clinical frame of PD and the need to address them specifically in clinical trials using dedicated scales. 2009 Movement Disorder Society.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                anicolet@unict.it
                Journal
                Psychogeriatrics
                Psychogeriatrics
                10.1111/(ISSN)1479-8301
                PSYG
                Psychogeriatrics
                John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd (Melbourne )
                1346-3500
                1479-8301
                10 August 2022
                November 2022
                : 22
                : 6 ( doiID: 10.1111/psyg.v22.6 )
                : 775-779
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Neurosciences University of Catania Catania Italy
                [ 2 ] IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino Pulejo” Messina Italy
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence: Prof. Alessandra Nicoletti, MD, Msc, Department “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. Email: anicolet@ 123456unict.it

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-2389
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8566-3166
                Article
                PSYG12880
                10.1111/psyg.12880
                9804321
                36319267
                6031d82d-bf4c-4a5e-8f3d-e661fdbc5e55
                © 2022 The Authors. Psychogeriatrics published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Psychogeriatric Society.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 28 June 2022
                : 22 July 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Pages: 5, Words: 2952
                Categories
                Original Article
                Original Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                November 2022
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.2.3 mode:remove_FC converted:31.12.2022

                cognitive rehabilitation,feasibility,mobile health,parkinson's disease,smartphone app,usability

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