Periodontitis: A Multifaceted Disease of Tooth-Supporting Tissues

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Abstract

Periodontitis is an infection-driven inflammatory disease in which the composition of biofilms plays a significant role. Dental plaque accumulation at the gingival margin initiates an inflammatory response that, in turn, causes microbial alterations and may lead to drastic consequences in the periodontium of susceptible individuals. Chronic inflammation affects the gingiva and can proceed to periodontitis, which characteristically results in irreversible loss of attachment and alveolar bone. Periodontitis appears typically in adult-aged populations, but young individuals can also experience it and its harmful outcome. Advanced disease is the major cause of tooth loss in adults. In addition, periodontitis is associated with many chronic diseases and conditions affecting general health.

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Periodontitis: a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis.

Richard Darveau (2010)

Periodontitis, or gum disease, affects millions of people each year. Although it is associated with a defined microbial composition found on the surface of the tooth and tooth root, the contribution of bacteria to disease progression is poorly understood. Commensal bacteria probably induce a protective response that prevents the host from developing disease. However, several bacterial species found in plaque (the 'red-complex' bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola) use various mechanisms to interfere with host defence mechanisms. Furthermore, disease may result from 'community-based' attack on the host. Here, I describe the interaction of the host immune system with the oral bacteria in healthy states and in diseased states.

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Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

Ali CEKICI, Alpdogan Kantarci, Hatice Hasturk … (2014)

The pathogenesis of periodontitis involves a complex immune/inflammatory cascade that is initiated by the bacteria of the oral biofilm that forms naturally on the teeth. The susceptibility to periodontitis appears to be determined by the host response; specifically, the magnitude of the inflammatory response and the differential activation of immune pathways. The purpose of this review was to delineate our current knowledge of the host response in periodontitis. The role of innate immunity, the failure of acute inflammation to resolve (thus becoming chronic), the cytokine pathways that regulate the activation of acquired immunity and the cells and products of the immune system are considered. New information relating to regulation of both inflammation and the immune response will be reviewed in the context of susceptibility to, and perhaps control of, periodontitis. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Oral multispecies biofilm development and the key role of cell-cell distance.

Paul Kolenbrander, Robert J Palmer, Saravanan Periasamy … (2010)

Growth of oral bacteria in situ requires adhesion to a surface because the constant flow of host secretions thwarts the ability of planktonic cells to grow before they are swallowed. Therefore, oral bacteria evolved to form biofilms on hard tooth surfaces and on soft epithelial tissues, which often contain multiple bacterial species. Because these biofilms are easy to study, they have become the paradigm of multispecies biofilms. In this Review we describe the factors involved in the formation of these biofilms, including the initial adherence to the oral tissues and teeth, cooperation between bacterial species in the biofilm, signalling between the bacteria and its role in pathogenesis, and the transfer of DNA between bacteria. In all these aspects distance between cells of different species is integral for oral biofilm growth.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Clin Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Clin Med

Journal ID (publisher-id): jcm

Title: Journal of Clinical Medicine

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2077-0383

Publication date (Electronic): 31 July 2019

Publication date Collection: August 2019

Volume: 8

Issue: 8

Electronic Location Identifier: 1135

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland

[2 ]Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, 20101 Turku, Finland

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[* ]Correspondence: eija.kononen@ 123456utu.fi ; Tel.: +358-50-4067-374

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Ulvi Kahraman Gursoy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1225-5751

Article

Publisher ID: jcm-08-01135

DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081135

PMC ID: 6723779

PubMed ID: 31370168

SO-VID: 5fdaa49d-ceb0-496d-a1cc-edff5b3a2df4

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

History

Date received : 28 June 2019

Date accepted : 29 July 2019

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Periodontitis: A Multifaceted Disease of Tooth-Supporting Tissues

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Biomarkers for Inflammatory Lung Disease

Most cited references 71

Periodontitis: a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis.

Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

Oral multispecies biofilm development and the key role of cell-cell distance.

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