For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
5
views
34
references
 Top references
cited by
0
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      168
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Peripheral inflammation over the course of a cognitive behavioral intervention in PTSD

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Inflammation has an important predictive role for long-term health. This is also true when looking at the specific population of trauma survivors with PTSD. There are emerging findings showing that PTSD is related to reduced somatic health as well as evidence linking inflammation with disease outcomes in this group, such as heart diseases and early mortality, regardless of age, gender or conventional risk factors. The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD symptom severity has been demonstrated by several previous studies. In contrast, literature is scarce, yet, whether inflammation improves over the course of treatment for PTSD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether not only PTSD symptoms, but also inflammation changes over the course of psychological treatment. Twenty-nine PTSD patients were followed while attending an outpatient clinic receiving cognitive behavioral therapy. Inflammation, determined by the C-reactive protein (CRP) assessed via the dried blood spot (DBS) technique, and symptom severity, surveyed by the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL) were measured at 5 points before trauma-focused therapy, as well as after four, eight and twelve weeks of intervention; furthermore, a 10-month follow-up assessment was conducted. Results revealed significant improvements of PTSD symptom severity during investigation, but no significant changes in the inflammatory biomarker (CRP). Results in terms of improvement in PTSD symptom severity are in line with prior findings. The results obtained for inflammation may suggest that risk factors for somatic health consequences in PTSD patients remain despite successful psychological treatment. Further longitudinal studies are needed to fully understand the relationship between inflammation and therapeutic outcome and to develop interventions normalizing inflammation in PTSD patients.

          Highlights

          • •

            PTSD symptoms decrease significantly in the course of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

          • •

            Inflammation (CRP) do not change significantly during CBT in PTSD patients.

          • •

            Further longitudinal research regarding inflammatory biomarkers in PTSD during psychological treatment is needed.

          Related collections

          Most cited references34

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation in Military Veterans.

          Frank W Weathers, Michelle J Bovin, Daniel J Lee … (2017)
          The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) is an extensively validated and widely used structured diagnostic interview for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The CAPS was recently revised to correspond with PTSD criteria in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). This article describes the development of the CAPS for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) and presents the results of an initial psychometric evaluation of CAPS-5 scores in 2 samples of military veterans (Ns = 165 and 207). CAPS-5 diagnosis demonstrated strong interrater reliability (к = .78 to 1.00, depending on the scoring rule) and test-retest reliability (к = .83), as well as strong correspondence with a diagnosis based on the CAPS for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV; к = .84 when optimally calibrated). CAPS-5 total severity score demonstrated high internal consistency (α = .88) and interrater reliability (ICC = .91) and good test-retest reliability (ICC = .78). It also demonstrated good convergent validity with total severity score on the CAPS-IV (r = .83) and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (r = .66) and good discriminant validity with measures of anxiety, depression, somatization, functional impairment, psychopathy, and alcohol abuse (rs = .02 to .54). Overall, these results indicate that the CAPS-5 is a psychometrically sound measure of DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity. Importantly, the CAPS-5 strongly corresponds with the CAPS-IV, which suggests that backward compatibility with the CAPS-IV was maintained and that the CAPS-5 provides continuity in evidence-based assessment of PTSD in the transition from DSM-IV to DSM-5 criteria. (PsycINFO Database Record
          Article 0 comments Cited 413 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            When not enough is too much: the role of insufficient glucocorticoid signaling in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders.

            Charles L. Raison, Andrew Miller (2003)
            Previous theories have emphasized the role of excessive glucocorticoid activity in the pathology of chronic stress. Nevertheless, insufficient glucocorticoid signaling (resulting from decreased hormone bioavailability or reduced hormone sensitivity) may have equally devastating effects on bodily function. Such effects may be related in part to the role of glucocorticoids in restraining activation of the immune system and other components of the stress response, including the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). The literature on neuroendocrine function and glucocorticoid-relevant pathologies in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression, was reviewed. Although not occurring together, both hypocortisolism and reduced responsiveness to glucocorticoids (as determined by dexamethasone challenge tests) were reliably found. Stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders were also associated with immune system activation/inflammation, high SNS tone, and CRH hypersecretion, which are all consistent with insufficient glucocorticoid-mediated regulation of stress hyperresponsiveness. Finally, antidepressants, a mainstay in the treatment of stress-related disorders, were regularly associated with evidence of enhanced glucocorticoid signaling. Neuroendocrine data provide evidence of insufficient glucocorticoid signaling in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. Impaired feedback regulation of relevant stress responses, especially immune activation/inflammation, may, in turn, contribute to stress-related pathology, including alterations in behavior, insulin sensitivity, bone metabolism, and acquired immune responses. From an evolutionary perspective, reduced glucocorticoid signaling, whether achieved at the level of the hormone or its receptor, may foster immune readiness and increase arousal. Emphasis on insufficient glucocorticoid signaling in stress-related pathology encourages development of therapeutic strategies to enhance glucocorticoid signaling pathways.
            Article 0 comments Cited 229 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD.

              Rebekah Bradley, Jamelle Greene, Eric Russ … (2005)
              The authors present a multidimensional meta-analysis of studies published between 1980 and 2003 on psychotherapy for PTSD. Data on variables not previously meta-analyzed such as inclusion and exclusion criteria and rates, recovery and improvement rates, and follow-up data were examined. Results suggest that psychotherapy for PTSD leads to a large initial improvement from baseline. More than half of patients who complete treatment with various forms of cognitive behavior therapy or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing improve. Reporting of metrics other than effect size provides a somewhat more nuanced account of outcome and generalizability. The majority of patients treated with psychotherapy for PTSD in randomized trials recover or improve, rendering these approaches some of the most effective psychosocial treatments devised to date. Several caveats, however, are important in applying these findings to patients treated in the community. Exclusion criteria and failure to address polysymptomatic presentations render generalizability to the population of PTSD patients indeterminate. The majority of patients posttreatment continue to have substantial residual symptoms, and follow-up data beyond very brief intervals have been largely absent. Future research intended to generalize to patients in practice should avoid exclusion criteria other than those a sensible clinician would impose in practice (e.g., schizophrenia), should avoid wait-list and other relatively inert control conditions, and should follow patients through at least 2 years.
              Article 0 comments Cited 202 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Nicolas Rohleder
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Brain Behav Immun Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Brain Behav Immun Health
                Title: Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2666-3546
                Publication date PMC-release: 10 April 2023
                Publication date Collection: July 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 April 2023
                Volume: 30
                Electronic Location Identifier: 100620
                Affiliations
                [a ]Chair of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
                [b ]Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author. Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nägelsbachstr. 49a, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany. nicolas.rohleder@ 123456fau.de
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2666-3546(23)00034-0 Publisher ID: 100620
                DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100620
                PMC ID: 10133650
                SO-VID: 5f518eec-4e81-4423-b87f-1245c5088b4e
                Copyright © © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 27 November 2022
                Date revision received : 24 February 2023
                Date accepted : 4 April 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Full Length Article

                Keywords: posttraumatic stress disorder,trauma,inflammation,crp,inflammatory biomarker,psychological treatment,cbt
                Data availability:
                Keywords: posttraumatic stress disorder, trauma, inflammation, crp, inflammatory biomarker, psychological treatment, cbt

                Comments

                Comment on this article