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      Older adults and patients in need of nutritional support: Review of current treatment options and factors influencing nutritional intake

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      Clinical Nutrition
      Elsevier BV

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          Abstract

          Many older adults and patients do not achieve sufficient nutritional intake to support their minimal needs and are at risk of, or are suffering from, (protein-energy) malnutrition. Better understanding of current treatment options and factors determining nutritional intake, may help design new strategies to solve this multifactorial problem. Medline, Science Citation Index, ScienceDirect and Google databases (until December 2008) were searched with the keywords malnutrition, elderly, older adults, food intake, energy density, variety, taste, satiety, and appetite. 37 Factors affecting nutritional intake were identified and divided in three categories; those related to the environment, the person, and the food. For older adults in nursing homes, encouragement by carers and an appropriate ambiance seem particularly important. Meal fortification, offering variety, providing frequent small meals, snacks and particularly Oral Nutritional Supplements (ONS) between meals are other possibilities for this group. Product factors that stimulate intake include palatability, high energy density, low volume, and liquid format. The current review gives a comprehensive overview of factors affecting nutritional intake and may help carers to improve nutritional intake in their patients. The product factors identified here suggest that especially small volume, energy and nutrient dense ONS can be effective to improve nutritional intake. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Clinical Nutrition
          Clinical Nutrition
          Elsevier BV
          02615614
          April 2010
          April 2010
          : 29
          : 2
          : 160-169
          Article
          10.1016/j.clnu.2009.09.003
          19828215
          5e8d71de-cf4a-4314-a395-ba7d7901263e
          © 2010

          https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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