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      Inhibition of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) multiplication in vitro by non-immune lymphocytes Translated title: Inhibition de la multiplication in vitro du coronavirus de la gastroentérite transmissible (GET) par des lymphocytes non immuns

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          Summary

          In vitro studies were undertaken to examine the effects of non-immune porcine peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) on a Coronavirus infection due to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). The assay consisted of TGEV-infected epithelial cells expressing viral antigens on the cell surface and producing low amounts of interferon (IFN). Non-immune PBL were found to limit virus replication at an effector-to-target ratio of 100/1 even when effector cells were depleted of phagocytic cells. Neutralizing anti-IFN antibodies did not abrogate the effect. PBL from newborn animals were as effective as adult cells, whereas fibroepithelial cells, human and mouse lymphoid cells did not exert antiviral effects. Under similar conditions, PBL from adult animals could lyse TGEV-infected cells even in the presence of anti-IFN antibodies. However, newborn PBL were not cytotoxic. Moreover, depletion of NK cells by monoclonal antibodies plus complement did not alter the inhibitory effect. These latter observations suggest that virus multiplication-inhibition effects and cytotoxic (or NK) activities are unrelated.

          Résumé

          Nous avons entrepris d’étudier in vitro les effets de leucocytes sanguins de porcs non immuns sur l’infection par le coronavirus de la gastroentérite transmissible (get). En l’absence de lymphocytes, le virus get se réplique dans des cellules épithéliales, induisant l’expression d’antigènes viraux de surface et la production de faibles quantités d’interféron (IFN). Des lymphocytes non immuns, mis en présence de cellules infectées, sont en mesure de limiter la multiplication virale quand ils sont utilisés à un rapport effecteur sur cibles de 100 et cela, même quand les cellules effectrices sont appauvries en cellules phagocytaires. Des anticorps anti-IFN neutralisants n’empêchent pas cet effet. Les lymphocytes d’animaux nouveaux-nés sont aussi actifs que ceux des adultes, alors que des cellules fibroépithéliales et des cellules lymphoïdes humaines ou murines n’ont aucun effet antiviral. Dans les mêmes conditions, des lymphocytes provenant d’animaux adultes détruisent des cellules infectées par le virus get, même en présence d’anticorps anti-IFN. Cependant, puisque les lymphocytes de nouveaux-nés ne sont pas cytotoxiques et que la destruction des cellules NK par anticorps monoclonal plus complément ne modifie pas l’effet inhibiteur, il apparaît que cet effet antiviral n’est pas dû aux fonctions cytotoxiques (NK) des lymphocytes. La nature du mécanisme responsable de l’effet antiviral décrit dans cet article reste donc à élucider.

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          Natural killer cells: their roles in defenses against disease.

          Natural killer cells are a recently discovered subpopulation of lymphoid cells that are present in most normal individuals of a range of mammalian and avian species. Natural killer cells have spontaneous cytolytic activity against a variety of tumor cells and some normal cells, and their reactivity can be rapidly augmented by interferon. They have characteristics distinct from other types of lymphoid cells and are closely associated with large granular lymphocytes, which comprise about 5 percent of blood or splenic leukocytes. There is increasing evidence that natural killer cells, with the ability to mediate natural resistance against tumors in vivo, certain virus and other microbial diseases, and bone marrow transplants, may play an important role in immune surveillance.
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            Antigenic Structure of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus. I. Properties of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against Virion Proteins

            Thirty-two hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the three major structural proteins of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) have been isolated. Radioimmunoprecipitation of intracellular viral polypeptides showed that 17 hybridomas recognized both the peplomer protein [E2, 220 X 10(3) mol. wt. (220K)] and a lower mol. wt. species (E'2, 175K), which was characterized as a precursor of E2. Six MAbs selectively immunoprecipitated the E'2 protein. Four hybridomas were directed against the low mol. wt. envelope protein (E1, 29K), and three against the nucleoprotein (N, 47K). All major neutralization-mediating determinants were found to be carried by the peplomers. Several anti-E2 MAbs displayed an intrinsic neutralizing activity close to that of the most potent anti-TGEV polyclonal reagents tested (including ascitic fluid of feline infectious peritonitis virus-infected cats). None of the anti-E'2 MAbs induced significant neutralization, although this protein might be incorporated to some extent into the virions. Immunofluorescence patterns obtained with MAbs directed against either the envelope glycoproteins or the nucleocapsid revealed distinctly different distributions of these antigens within the cells. Comparison of nine TGEV strains using our panel of MAbs confirmed their close antigenic relationship, but revealed the occurrence of distinct antigenic differences.
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              High interferon titer in newborn pig intestine during experimentally induced viral enteritis.

              We looked for the presence of interferon in the digestive tract of newborn piglets infected with a virulent strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (Coronaviridae). High levels of type 1 interferon activity were found early in the disease in jejunal and ileal parts of the intestine as well as in the serum. Enterocytes appeared to be involved in the interferon synthesis. These findings raise the question of the role of interferon in the pathogenesis of viral enteritis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ann Inst Pasteur Virol
                Ann. Inst. Pasteur Virol
                Annales De L'Institut Pasteur. Virology
                Published by Elsevier Masson SAS
                0769-2617
                0769-2617
                23 September 2009
                April-June 1987
                23 September 2009
                : 138
                : 2
                : 183-194
                Affiliations
                INRA, Station de Recherches de Virologie et d’Immunologie, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon (France)
                Author notes
                [* ]To whom correspondence should be sent
                Article
                S0769-2617(87)80003-5
                10.1016/S0769-2617(87)80003-5
                7134748
                5e675b25-07ba-44d0-9f43-11cd9fb6e523
                Copyright © 1987 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 3 August 1986
                : 10 December 1986
                Categories
                Article

                coronavirus, tgev, cytotoxicity, lymphocyte,interferon, pig,coronavirus, tgev, cytotoxicité, lymphocyte,porc, interféron

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