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      HIV-AIDS prevention in the conception of HIV-positive young people Translated title: Prevenção de HIV-Aids na concepção de jovens soropositivos

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the conception of seropositive young people on how to prevent HIV infection. METHODS This is a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with HIV-positive young people whose diagnosis was made in adolescence 5 years ago or less. We followed a semi-structured script containing sociodemographic data and an open question on HIV/AIDS prevention. The interviews were recorded and fully transcribed, then analyzed with the support of the webQDA software. We used the categories that compose the concept of vulnerability as a theoretical basis for data analysis. RESULTS We interviewed 39 young people, 23 girls and 16 boys. Some perceive the prevention of HIV infection only as an individual issue, summarizing it to the use of condoms and self-care. Most of the interlocutors point out educational strategies as the most relevant for prevention but used in a permanent and non-punctual way. In schools, they believe it is necessary to include younger students and their family. Guidelines should be given by people who can use the language of young people and preferably by HIV-positive people, to show the reality of those who have AIDS. In the programmatic field, they suggest intensifying campaigns in the media, distributing condoms in large scale, producing vaccines and medicines that cure. No one mentioned the female condom, the rapid test, nor the availability of sexual and reproductive health care. CONCLUSIONS The qualification and expansion of communication strategies on sexuality in schools is urgent and essential in HIV and AIDS prevention in adolescence, contrary to the current trend of restricting the discussion of these topics in education policies.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a concepção de jovens soropositivos sobre como prevenir a infecção pelo HIV. MÉTODOS Estudo qualitativo por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com jovens soropositivos cujo diagnóstico foi feito na adolescência havia no máximo 5 anos. Seguimos roteiro semiestruturado contendo dados sociodemográficos e pergunta aberta sobre prevenção de HIV-Aids. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra, sendo analisadas com apoio do software webQDA. Utilizamos as categorias que compõem o conceito de vulnerabilidade como base teórica para a análise dos dados. RESULTADOS Entrevistamos 39 jovens, 23 do sexo feminino e 16 do masculino. Alguns percebem a prevenção da infecção pelo HIV apenas como uma questão individual, resumindo-a ao uso do preservativo e ao autocuidado. A maior parte dos interlocutores aponta estratégias educativas como as mais relevantes para a prevenção, mas utilizadas de forma permanente e não pontual. Nas escolas, acreditam ser necessário incluir alunos mais novos e a família. As orientações devem ser ministradas por pessoas que utilizam a linguagem dos jovens e de preferência por soropositivos, para mostrar a realidade da vida de quem tem Aids. No campo programático, indicam intensificação das campanhas na mídia, distribuição de camisinha em larga escala, produção de vacinas e medicamentos que curem. Não houve menção ao preservativo feminino, ao teste rápido, à disponibilidade de atendimento em saúde sexual e reprodutiva. CONCLUSÕES A qualificação e ampliação das estratégias de comunicação sobre sexualidade nas escolas é urgente e essencial na prevenção de HIV e Aids na adolescência, ao contrário da tendência que hoje se verifica de restrição da discussão sobre esses temas nas políticas de educação.

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          HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Brazil: results of the 2nd national survey using respondent-driven sampling

          Abstract This paper reports human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in the 2nd National Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey (BBSS) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 12 cities in Brazil using respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Following formative research, RDS was applied in 12 cities in the 5 macroregions of Brazil between June and December 2016 to recruit MSM for BBSS. The target sample size was 350 per city. Five to 6 seeds were initially selected to initiate recruitment and coupons and interviews were managed online. On-site rapid testing was used for HIV screening, and confirmed by a 2nd test. Participants were weighted using Gile estimator. Data from all 12 cities were merged and analyzed with Stata 14.0 complex survey data analysis tools in which each city was treated as its own strata. Missing data for those who did not test were imputed HIV+ if they reported testing positive before and were taking antiretroviral therapy. A total of 4176 men were recruited in the 12 cities. The average time to completion was 10.2 weeks. The longest chain length varied from 8 to 21 waves. The sample size was achieved in all but 2 cities. A total of 3958 of the 4176 respondents agreed to test for HIV (90.2%). For results without imputation, 17.5% (95%CI: 14.7–20.7) of our sample was HIV positive. With imputation, 18.4% (95%CI: 15.4–21.7) were seropositive. HIV prevalence increased beyond expectations from the results of the 2009 survey (12.1%; 95%CI: 10.0–14.5) to 18.4%; CI95%: 15.4 to 21.7 in 2016. This increase accompanies Brazil's focus on the treatment to prevention strategy, and a decrease in support for community-based organizations and community prevention programs.
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            Desperdício da experiência e precarização da vida: momento político contemporâneo da resposta brasileira à aids

            Já reconhecido pela qualidade da resposta à aids, o Brasil experimenta hoje retrocessos, em especial na área da prevenção. Este texto analisa a situação, com o auxílio de duas categorias conceituais: o desperdício da experiência, analítica que construímos inspirados em Boaventura Santos, e a precarização da vida, noção que toma como base as ideias de Judith Butler. Em sintonia com essas categorias, retoma a proposta de solidariedade, importante organizador político do vigor inicial da resposta brasileira à aids. As políticas públicas brasileiras lidam com a epidemia de aids nos dias de hoje na permanente tensão entre o fazer viver(ampliação da oferta de exames para conhecimento da situação sorológica e oferta universal da medicação antirretroviral) e o deixar morrer(reforço das situações de estigma e discriminação às populações vulneráveis). Em torno deste quadro, o texto efetua análises e lança provocações.
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              Comparison of Sexual Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior between Female Chinese College Students from Urban Areas and Rural Areas: A Hidden Challenge for HIV/AIDS Control in China

              Currently, research in sexual behavior and awareness in female Chinese college students (FCCSs) is limited, particularly regarding the difference and the influencing factors between students from rural areas and urban areas. To fill the gap in available data, a cross-sectional study using anonymous questionnaires was conducted among 3193 female students from six universities located in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, China, from February to June, 2013. Of the 2669 respondents, 20.6% and 20.9% of the students from urban and rural areas, respectively, reported being sexually experienced. The proportion of students who received safe-sex education prior to entering university from rural areas (22.4%, 134/598) was lower (P < 0.0001) than the proportion from urban areas (41.8%, 865/2071). Sexual behavior has become increasingly common among FCCSs, including high-risk sexual behavior such as unprotected commercial sex. However, knowledge concerning human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) transmission and the risks is insufficient, particularly for those from rural areas, which is a challenge for HIV/AIDS control in China. The Chinese government should establish more specific HIV/AIDS prevention policies for Chinese young women, strengthen sex education, and continue to perform relevant research.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rsp
                Revista de Saúde Pública
                Rev. Saúde Pública
                Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0034-8910
                1518-8787
                2019
                : 53
                : 80
                Affiliations
                [1] Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Médicas orgdiv2Departamento de Pediatria Brazil
                [2] Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Estácio de Sá orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Brazil
                Article
                S0034-89102019000100273
                10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001174
                31576941
                5e5ff868-bf4b-45e6-8996-333d6a8f7d30

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 January 2019
                : 28 August 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
                Original Articles

                Young Adult, psychology,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, prevention & control,HIV Infections, prevention & control,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice,Qualitative Research,Adulto Jovem, psicologia,Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida, prevenção & controle,Infecções por HIV, prevenção & controle,Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde,Pesquisa Qualitativa

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