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Abstract
Extensive research on humans suggests that exercise could have benefits for overall
health and cognitive function, particularly in later life. Recent studies using animal
models have been directed towards understanding the neurobiological bases of these
benefits. It is now clear that voluntary exercise can increase levels of brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other growth factors, stimulate neurogenesis, increase
resistance to brain insult and improve learning and mental performance. Recently,
high-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis has demonstrated that, in addition
to increasing levels of BDNF, exercise mobilizes gene expression profiles that would
be predicted to benefit brain plasticity processes. Thus, exercise could provide a
simple means to maintain brain function and promote brain plasticity.