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      Mental health index of the elderly population in Medellín (Colombia)−2021: a factorial analysis

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          There are several risk factors associated with developing mental disorders among people over 60 years of age. Mental health encompasses multiple domains or capacities, which can comprise the psychological wellbeing of older people. Therefore, resilient coping, self-compassion, self-esteem, hopelessness, quality of life, and depression are considered the characteristics and adaptive mechanisms that bring together the main risk and protective factors for imbalance in mental wellbeing.

          Objective

          This study aimed to establish the demographic, social, and family factors, as well as the clinical characteristics and lifestyle habits that influence the mental health of the elderly people in the city of Medellín, in the year 2021, to build a mental health index.

          Methodology

          This study adopts a quantitative approach, employs retrospective temporality, and utilizes secondary sources. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with the SABAM Project (health and mental wellbeing of older adults from five cities in Colombia in 2021 by its Spanish acronym) database (secondary source), which is part of the research group “Public Health Observatory” of CES University (Medellín, Colombia). The database comprised 500 records of people aged over 60 years from the city of Medellín in 2021. While constructing the index, a principal component analysis was used, along with the Varimax method for factor analysis rotation.

          Results

          The median age of the general population was 67 years (IQR 63–72); for men, the median age was 66 years (IQR 63–71) and for women, the median age was 67 years (IQR 63–72). An association was found between low socioeconomic levels, alcohol consumption, and the level of higher education (university—postgraduate) with low levels of the Mental Health Index in people over 60 years of age in Medellín during the year 2021.

          Conclusion

          A quantitative model was developed to predict either a positive or negative prognosis in the mental wellbeing of the population over 60 years of age in the city of Medellín. The model was also used for the development of a sociodemographic profile highlighting the impact on mental health among people over 60 years of age with limited economic resources.

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          Most cited references42

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Sandra Patricia Ochoa-Nieto: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2686394/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Luisa María Benjumea-Gómez: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Doris Cardona-Arango: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2542429/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Ángela Segura-Cardona: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2255031/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Alejandra Segura-Cardona: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2028303/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Carlos Robledo-Marín: Role: Role:
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Psychol.
                Title: Frontiers in Psychology
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 1664-1078
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 June 2024
                Publication date Collection: 2024
                Volume: 15
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1336562
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Public Health, CES University , Medellín, Colombia
                [2] 2Department of Epidemiology, CES University , Medellín, Colombia
                [3] 3Department of Demography, Public Health Observatory Research Group, CES University , Medellín, Colombia
                [4] 4Department of Epidemiology, Research Group in Epidemiology and Biostatistics of the CES University, Graduate School of CES University , Medellín, Colombia
                [5] 5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CES Clinical Psychology Service, CES University , Medellín, Colombia
                [6] 6Department of Humanities, Fundación Opción Colombia (FUNDACOL), CES University , Medellín, Colombia
                Author notes

                Edited by: Patrizia Vannini, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States

                Reviewed by: Alejandro Canedo García, University of León, Spain

                T. Y. Sree Sudha, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar (AIIMS Deoghar), India

                *Correspondence: Sandra Patricia Ochoa-Nieto ochoan.sandra@ 123456uces.edu.co

                †ORCID: Sandra Patricia Ochoa-Nieto orcid.org/0000-0002-5425-4861

                Luisa María Benjumea-Gómez orcid.org/0000-0002-4859-2178

                Doris Cardona-Arango orcid.org/0000-0003-4338-588X

                Ángela Segura-Cardona orcid.org/0000-0002-0010-1413

                Alejandra Segura-Cardona orcid.org/0000-0002-1624-0952

                Carlos Robledo-Marín orcid.org/0000-0002-6944-561X

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1336562
                PMC ID: 11233805
                PubMed ID: 38988400
                SO-VID: 5a0d6c1e-1eb3-4f17-b70b-0ef32df2aafa
                Copyright © Copyright © 2024 Ochoa-Nieto, Benjumea-Gómez, Cardona-Arango, Segura-Cardona, Segura-Cardona and Robledo-Marín.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 10 November 2023
                Date accepted : 13 May 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 49, Pages: 13, Words: 9055
                Funding
                The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The study obtained funding from CES University, the SABAM Project, and the own resources of the authors.
                Categories
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Original Research
                Custom metadata
                section-at-acceptance Health Psychology

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: mental health,hopelessness,resilient coping,self-esteem,self-compassion,quality of life,depression
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: mental health, hopelessness, resilient coping, self-esteem, self-compassion, quality of life, depression

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