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      Controlled Rhizogenesis and Mycorrhization of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Cuttings with Black Truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.) Translated title: Rizogénesis y Micorrización Controlada de Estacas de Avellano Europeo (Corylus avellana L.) con Trufa Negra (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.)

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          Abstract

          Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is commonly used as mycorrhizal host for Tuber melanosporum Vitt. (black truffle). Black truffle orchards have been established in and outside its natural distribution area, currently also in Chile. Hazelnut can be propagated rapidly by cuttings, which, however, may not easily form mycorrhizal symbiosis under laboratory conditions. We successfully inoculated hazelnut cuttings with T. melanosporum and studied the effects of culture conditions, plant material and inoculum age on rhizogenesis and mycorrhization. Cuttings from sucker shoots showed the highest rooting rate (88.5%). Perlite and vermiculite as substrate increased root length (9.6 cm ). Treatment with auxin significantly increased root yield (up to 27 roots per cutting). Larger containers increased the mycorrhization rate (33.6%). Up to 2 year storage of sporal inoculum did not affect mycorrhization. We conclude that root induction in C. avellana cuttings and mycorrhization with black truffle using up to 2-yr-old inoculum, do not present problems when performed under optimized conditions, allowing fast production of plants for commercial and reforestation purposes.

          Translated abstract

          El avellano europeo (Corylus avellana L.) es uno de los simbiontes más comunes utilizados para inocular plantas con Tuber melanosporum Vitt. (trufa negra). Los huertos truferos han sido establecidos tanto dentro como fuera del área de distribución natural de este hongo micorrizógeno, actualmente también en Chile. El avellano europeo puede propagarse rápidamente por estacas. Sin embargo, no es fácil el desarrollo de órganos micorrícicos bajo condiciones de laboratorio. En este estudio se inocularon exitosamente estacas de avellano europeo con T. melanosporum y se estudió el efecto de algunos tratamientos culturales, del material vegetal y tiempo de almacenamiento del inóculo, en el proceso de rizogénesis y micorrización. Las estacas provenientes de chupones tuvieron una mayor capacidad de arraigamiento (88,5%). El uso de perlita y vermiculita como sustrato incrementó la longitud de las raíces (9,6 cm ). Los tratamientos con auxinas aumentaron significativamente la producción de raíces (más de 27 raíces por estaca). Por otra parte, el uso de contenedores más grandes permitió incrementar el porcentaje de micorrización (33,6%) y fue posible almacenar hasta 2 años el inóculo esporal sin que se afecte la micorrización. Se concluye que es posible la inducción de raíces en estacas de C. avellana y su micorrización con trufa negra utilizando inóculo de hasta 2 años de almacenamiento, bajo condiciones controladas, permitiendo una rápida producción de plantas para fines comerciales y de reforestación.

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          Effect of Scleroderma Spore Density and Age on Mycorrhiza Formation and Growth of Containerized Eucalyptus globulus and E. urophylla Seedlings

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            Nursery inoculation of Eucalyptus seedlings in Western Australia and Southern China using spores and mycelial inoculum of diverse ectomycorrhizal fungi from different climatic regions

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              Synthesis and establishment of Tuber melanosporum Vitt. ectomycorrhizae on two Nothofagus species in Chile.

              Axenically germinated seedlings of two species of Southern beech (Nothofagus obliqua, N. glauca) from Chile were inoculated with spores of the Périgord black truffle (Tuber melanosporum). Ectomycorrhizal development was monitored for 6 months in the greenhouse and compared to the performance of the natural host species Quercus ilex and Quercus robur. Seedling survival and mycorrhization showed major differences in both Nothofagus species: T. melanosporum readily formed ectomycorrhizae with seedlings of N. obliqua, although at a lower rate than with Q. ilex but at a proportion very similar to Q. robur; survival and colonization rates were high, and seedling growth was not visibly affected by the high soil pH required by T. melanosporum. In contrast, more than 50% of N. glauca seedlings died after inoculation, and mycorrhiza formation was very sparse. In both species, no colonization by adventive ectomycorrhizal fungi could be observed, whereas both species of Quercus showed minor colonization by another fungus, probably Inocybe or Hebeloma. Our results show that it is possible to infect N. obliqua with the Périgord black truffle under greenhouse conditions, which opens up the possibility of cultivating this truffle as a secondary crop during reforestation with N. obliqua in Chile.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                chiljar
                Chilean journal of agricultural research
                Chilean J. Agric. Res.
                Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA (Chillán )
                0718-5839
                June 2010
                : 70
                : 2
                : 204-212
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Católica del Maule Chile
                [2 ] Universidad de Concepción Chile
                Article
                S0718-58392010000200003
                10.4067/S0718-58392010000200003
                588c7d3d-9dcc-4814-9ada-bcea8f9ca4fa

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0718-5839&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
                AGRONOMY

                General agriculture,Horticulture
                Tuber melanosporum,Corylus avellana,culture conditions,estacas,rizogénesis,micorrización,tratamientos culturales,cuttings,rhizogenesis,mycorrhizae

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