Characterisation of particles in solution – a perspective on light scattering and comparative technologies

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ABSTRACT

We present here a perspective detailing the current state-of-the-art technologies for the characterisation of nanoparticles (NPs) in liquid suspension. We detail the technologies involved and assess their applications in the determination of NP size and concentration. We also investigate the parameters that can influence the results and put forward a cause and effect analysis of the principle factors influencing the measurement of NP size and concentration by NP tracking analysis and dynamic light scattering, to identify areas where uncertainties in the measurement can arise. Also included are technologies capable of characterising NPs in solution, whose measurements are not based on light scattering. It is hoped that the manuscript, with its detailed description of the methodologies involved, will assist scientists in selecting the appropriate technology for characterising their materials and enabling them to comply with regulatory agencies’ demands for accurate and reliable NP size and concentration data.

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DLS and zeta potential - What they are and what they are not?

Sourav Bhattacharjee (2016)

Adequate characterization of NPs (nanoparticles) is of paramount importance to develop well defined nanoformulations of therapeutic relevance. Determination of particle size and surface charge of NPs are indispensable for proper characterization of NPs. DLS (dynamic light scattering) and ZP (zeta potential) measurements have gained popularity as simple, easy and reproducible tools to ascertain particle size and surface charge. Unfortunately, on practical grounds plenty of challenges exist regarding these two techniques including inadequate understanding of the operating principles and dealing with critical issues like sample preparation and interpretation of the data. As both DLS and ZP have emerged from the realms of physical colloid chemistry - it is difficult for researchers engaged in nanomedicine research to master these two techniques. Additionally, there is little literature available in drug delivery research which offers a simple, concise account on these techniques. This review tries to address this issue while providing the fundamental principles of these techniques, summarizing the core mathematical principles and offering practical guidelines on tackling commonly encountered problems while running DLS and ZP measurements. Finally, the review tries to analyze the relevance of these two techniques from translatory perspective.

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Critical Evaluation of Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) by NanoSight for the Measurement of Nanoparticles and Protein Aggregates

Vasco Filipe, Andrea Hawe, Wim Jiskoot (2010)

Purpose To evaluate the nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) technique, compare it with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and test its performance in characterizing drug delivery nanoparticles and protein aggregates. Methods Standard polystyrene beads of sizes ranging from 60 to 1,000 nm and physical mixtures thereof were analyzed with NTA and DLS. The influence of different ratios of particle populations was tested. Drug delivery nanoparticles and protein aggregates were analyzed by NTA and DLS. Live monitoring of heat-induced protein aggregation was performed with NTA. Results NTA was shown to accurately analyze the size distribution of monodisperse and polydisperse samples. Sample visualization and individual particle tracking are features that enable a thorough size distribution analysis. The presence of small amounts of large (1,000 nm) particles generally does not compromise the accuracy of NTA measurements, and a broad range of population ratios can easily be detected and accurately sized. NTA proved to be suitable to characterize drug delivery nanoparticles and protein aggregates, complementing DLS. Live monitoring of heat-induced protein aggregation provides information about aggregation kinetics and size of submicron aggregates. Conclusion NTA is a powerful characterization technique that complements DLS and is particularly valuable for analyzing polydisperse nanosized particles and protein aggregates.

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Is Open Access

A practical guide to single-cell RNA-sequencing for biomedical research and clinical applications

Ashraful Haque, Jessica Engel, Sarah Teichmann … (2017)

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a genomic approach for the detection and quantitative analysis of messenger RNA molecules in a biological sample and is useful for studying cellular responses. RNA-seq has fueled much discovery and innovation in medicine over recent years. For practical reasons, the technique is usually conducted on samples comprising thousands to millions of cells. However, this has hindered direct assessment of the fundamental unit of biology—the cell. Since the first single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) study was published in 2009, many more have been conducted, mostly by specialist laboratories with unique skills in wet-lab single-cell genomics, bioinformatics, and computation. However, with the increasing commercial availability of scRNA-seq platforms, and the rapid ongoing maturation of bioinformatics approaches, a point has been reached where any biomedical researcher or clinician can use scRNA-seq to make exciting discoveries. In this review, we present a practical guide to help researchers design their first scRNA-seq studies, including introductory information on experimental hardware, protocol choice, quality control, data analysis and biological interpretation.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Technol Adv Mater

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Technol Adv Mater

Journal ID (publisher-id): TSTA

Journal ID (publisher-id): tsta20

Title: Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

ISSN (Print): 1468-6996

ISSN (Electronic): 1878-5514

Publication date Collection: 2018

Publication date (Electronic): 18 October 2018

Volume: 19

Issue: 1

Pages: 732-745

Affiliations

[a ] Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland

[b ] AMBER Centre, CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland

[c ] Laboratory for Materials - Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Research and Testing (Empa) , St. Gallen, Switzerland

Author notes

CONTACT Ciarán Manus Maguire cmmaguir@ 123456tcd.ie ; Adriele Prina-Mello prinamea@ 123456tcd.ie LBCAM and Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute , James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland

[*]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Author information

Ciarán Manus Maguire http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-5922

Adriele Prina-Mello http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4371-2214

Article

Publisher ID: 1517587

DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2018.1517587

PMC ID: 6201793

PubMed ID: 30369998

SO-VID: 5677782f-1df1-4f4e-b86e-7330e4e7c221

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 01 May 2018

Date revision received : 27 August 2018

Date accepted : 27 August 2018

Page count

Figures: 10, Tables: 1, References: 46, Pages: 14

Funding

Funded by: Competence Centre for Materials Science and Technology 10.13039/501100006068

Award ID: ‘NanoScreen’ Materials Challenge

Funded by: Science Foundation Ireland 10.13039/501100001602

Award ID: SFI/12/RC/2278

The authors would like to thank Science Foundation Ireland for the financial support under the AMBER centre under Grant Number [SFI/12/RC/2278] and ‘NanoScreen’ Materials Challenge co-funded by the Competence Centre for Materials Science and Technology (CCMX).

Characterisation of particles in solution – a perspective on light scattering and comparative technologies

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Most cited references 33

DLS and zeta potential - What they are and what they are not?

Critical Evaluation of Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) by NanoSight for the Measurement of Nanoparticles and Protein Aggregates

A practical guide to single-cell RNA-sequencing for biomedical research and clinical applications

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