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      Uso de adrenalina en el tratamiento de la hematuria persistente Translated title: Use of epinephrine in the treatment of persistent hematuria

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Resumen La hematuria persistente es un signo habitual en los cuidados paliativos cuyo tratamiento sigue siendo un desafío. En este caso, la hematuria se presentó en una paciente de 78 años anticoagulada en el contexto de una fractura iliopúbica que se complicó con trombosis venosa profunda y tromboembolismo pulmonar. Para el tratamiento, se optó en un primer momento por lavados vesicales continuos con suero fisiológico. Dada la persistencia de la hematuria y la agudización de la anemia, se decidió añadir a los lavados con suero una ampolla de adrenalina. La paciente presentó buena tolerancia hemodinámica al tratamiento con adrenalina y mostró una mejoría clínica significativa, lo que permitió retirar la adrenalina y añadir a los lavados con suero ácido tranexámico (no realizado antes por el riesgo de obstrucción de la sonda por coágulos). Tras dos días con orina de aspecto claro se retiraron los lavados continuos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Persistent hematuria is a common sign in palliative care whose treatment is still a challenge. In this case, hematuria occurred in a 78-year-old anticoagulated patient in the context of an iliopubic fracture complicated by deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. For treatment, the first option was continuous bladder irrigation with saline solution. Given the persistence of hematuria and the worsening anemia, it was decided to add an ampoule of epinephrine to the bladder irrigation with saline solution. The patient presented good hemodynamic tolerance to adrenaline treatment and showed significant clinical improvement. This allowed withdrawal of epinephrine and addition of tranexamic acid to the serum (which was not done before because of the risk of catheter obstruction due to clots). After two days with clear urine, the continuous bladder irrigation were withdrawn.

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          Most cited references6

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          The current place of tranexamic acid in the management of bleeding.

          B J Hunt (2015)
          There has been an explosion of interest in the ability of tranexamic acid to reduce morbidity and mortality in surgical and traumatic bleeding. Tranexamic acid has been shown to reduce mortality due to traumatic bleeding by a third, without apparent safety issues. It is now clearly established that intravenous tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in patients with surgical bleeding and the need for transfusion. It can also be used topically to reduce bleeding. Its use is being explored further in large pragmatic trials in traumatic head injury, postpartum haemorrhage and in upper gastro-intestinal haemorrhage. There are few side effects from the use of tranexamic acid except when administered in high dose where neurological events have been noted, possibly relating to tranexamic acid interfering with cerebral GABA and glycine receptors. However, clinical studies suggest that there is no increased efficacy in using a higher dose, and that a dose of 1 g intravenously in an adult patient has maximal efficacy, which is not increased by higher doses. The CRASH-2 trauma trial clearly showed no increase in thrombotic events after its use in trauma, indeed there was a significant reduction in myocardial infarction. However, trials of tranexamic acid in surgery have failed to adequately study its effects on the risk of postoperative venous and possible reduction in arterial thrombo-embolism, and this needs to be the subject of future research.
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            Therapeutic options for intractable hematuria in advanced bladder cancer.

            Intractable hematuria is a common and severe complication in patients with inoperable bladder carcinoma. The aim was to provide an overview of therapeutic options for such cases, and analyze their effectiveness and risk profile, so a systematic literature search of peer-reviewed papers published up to September 2012 was carried out. Various options are available to treat hematuria in patients with inoperable bladder cancer; these include orally administered epsilon-aminocaproic acid, intravesical formalin, alum or prostaglandin irrigation, hydrostatic pressure, urinary diversion, radiotherapy, embolization and intraarterial mitoxantrone perfusion. These treatment options are associated with different prospects of success, risks and side-effects. Well-designed and large studies comparing options are completely lacking. Despite various treatment options, management of intractable hematuria in patients with inoperable bladder cancer remains a challenge, and most of the reported methods should be seen as experimental. Interventional radiology and alum instillation seem to be suitable alternative options for patients who, after critical consideration, cannot be treated by irrigation, transurethral resection or palliative cystectomy. © 2013 The Japanese Urological Association.
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              Effect of tranexamic acid on gross hematuria: A pilot randomized clinical trial study.

              Local forms of the tranexamic acid have been effective in treating many haemorrhagic cases. So that the aim of the current study is to assess the effectiveness of local tranexamic acid in controlling painless hematuria in patients referred to the emergency department.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                had
                Hospital a Domicilio
                Hosp. domic.
                Centro Internacional Virtual de Investigación en Nutrición (CIVIN) (Alicante, Alicante, Spain )
                2530-5115
                June 2022
                : 6
                : 2
                : 79-83
                Affiliations
                [1] Sant Joan d'Alacant orgnameHospital Universitario de San Juan de Alicante orgdiv1Servicio de Urgencias Hospitalarias España
                [2] Sant Joan d'Alacant orgnameHospital Universitario de San Juan de Alicante orgdiv1Unidad de Hospitalización a Domicilio España
                Article
                S2530-51152022000200079 S2530-5115(22)00600200079
                10.22585/hospdomic.v6i2.157
                547dc21a-951c-4b94-852f-b01ef702b9d3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 February 2022
                : 15 March 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 6, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Notas clínicas

                Hematuria,Epinefrina,Terapéutica,Epinephrine,Therapeutics
                Hematuria, Epinefrina, Terapéutica, Epinephrine, Therapeutics

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