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      Inyección accidental de adrenalina en un dedo Translated title: Accidental injection of adrenaline into a finger

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Presentamos un caso de inyección accidental en un dedo de la mano en personal sanitario resuelto con inmersión del dedo en agua caliente y aplicación tópica de pomada nitroglicerina. Los síntomas más habituales son el dolor, palidez y frialdad a nivel local, aunque se han descrito complicaciones graves por vasoconstricción severa como la necrosis isquémica, que obliga a tratamientos más agresivos como la administración de fentolamina. El uso cada vez más extendido de autoinyectores de adrenalina para el tratamiento de reacciones anafilácticas severas ha hecho que aumenten los casos de inyección accidental de estos dispositivos, siendo recomendable el conocimiento del manejo de estas situaciones por los profesionales de Atención Primaria y de los Servicios de Urgencia.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: We present the case of an accidental injection of adrenaline into a digital finger in health personnel, solved by immersion of the finger in warm water and topical application of nitroglycerine ointment. Most common symptoms are local pain, pallor and coldness, although some cases may present serious complications due to severe vasoconstriction, such as ischemic necrosis, which requires more aggressive treatments, including administration of phentolamine. The increased use of adrenaline auto-injectors for the treatment of severe anaphylactic reactions has caused an increasing incidence of accidental injection from these devices. It is therefore advisable that Primary Care and Emergency Department professionals are knowledgeable about the management of these situation.

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          Most cited references7

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          Finger injection with high-dose (1:1,000) epinephrine: Does it cause finger necrosis and should it be treated?

          Accidental finger injections with high-dose (1:1,000) epinephrine is a new and increasing phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to document the incidence of finger necrosis and the treatment for this type of injury. The necessity or type of treatment required for this type of injury has not been established. The literature was reviewed from 1900 to 2005 by hand and by Internet to document all cases of high-dose (1:1,000) finger epinephrine injection. In addition, the authors added five additional cases. There are a total of 59 reported cases of finger injections with high-dose epinephrine, of which, 32 cases were untreated. There were no instances of necrosis or skin loss, but neuropraxia lasting as long as 10 weeks and reperfusion pain were carefully documented. Treatment was not uniform for those who received it, but phentolamine was the most commonly used agent. There is not one case of finger necrosis in all of the 59 reported cases of finger injections with 1:1,000 epinephrine in the world literature. The necessity or type of treatment of high-dose epinephrine injection injuries remains conjecture, but phentolamine is the most commonly used agent in the reported cases, and the rationale and evidence for its use are discussed.
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            Hazards of unintentional injection of epinephrine from autoinjectors: a systematic review.

            To ascertain the rate of occurrence of unintentional injections from epinephrine autoinjectors used in the first aid treatment of anaphylaxis and to provide information about the resulting needle stick injuries. A systematic review was performed. The MEDLINE, Scirus, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched by title and abstract to identify reports of unintentional injections from epinephrine autoinjectors published in peer-reviewed journals. Publications were selected for inclusion based on predefined strict criteria. In 26 reports published during the past 20 years, we identified 69 people with an unintentional injection of epinephrine from an autoinjector. More than 68% of them were reported in the past 6.3 years, 58% were female, 42% were injured in the home, and 91% sustained injury to a finger or thumb. More than 65% of the 69 individuals were evaluated in an emergency department; 13% of the 69 were not treated or were treated only with observation. Warming of the injured part was used in 25%, nitroglycerin paste application in 9%, local injections of phentolamine and/or lidocaine in 22%, and other treatments in 20%; treatment, or lack thereof, was not described in 12%. No permanent sequelae were reported. The true rate of occurrence of unintentional injection of epinephrine from autoinjectors is unknown but is increasing. People at risk for anaphylaxis need regular coaching in how to use epinephrine autoinjectors correctly and safely. Improved autoinjector design will address the safety concerns identified in this review.
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              Six years of epinephrine digital injections: absence of significant local or systemic effects.

              Epinephrine autoinjectors are known to result in accidental digital injections. Treatment recommendations and adverse outcomes are based on case reports. The objective of our study is to determine the frequency of digit ischemia after epinephrine autoinjector digital injections. In addition, we describe the frequency of epinephrine digital injections, treatments used, adverse local effects, and systemic effects. We performed a retrospective cohort study on cases reported to 6 poison centers during 6 years, using a search of the Texas Poison Center Network database. Patients who had an epinephrine injection of the hand were reviewed, and digital injections were included. Variables collected included demographics, local and systemic effects, symptom duration, treatments used, comorbidities, and whether admission, surgery, or hand surgery consultation was used. One trained abstractor used a standard electronic data collection form. There were 365 epinephrine injections to the hand identified for the 6-year period. Of these, 213 were digital injections, and 127 had follow-up. All patients had complete resolution of symptoms. None of the patients were hospitalized or received hand surgery consultation or surgical care. Significant systemic effects were not reported. Pharmacologic vasodilatory treatment was used in 23% (29/127) of patients. Ischemic effects were documented for 4 patients, and 2 of these had symptom resolution within 2 hours. All 4 patients received vasodilatory therapy and were discharged home, with complete resolution of symptoms. In our series of patients using poison center calls about digital epinephrine autoinjections, there were no cases in which clinically apparent systemic effects were recorded and few patients had ischemia. No patient was admitted or had surgery. Most clinicians did not use vasodilation medications or techniques. Copyright (c) 2010 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                albacete
                Revista Clínica de Medicina de Familia
                Rev Clin Med Fam
                Sociedad Castellano-Manchega de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (Albacete, Castilla La Mancha, Spain )
                1699-695X
                2386-8201
                February 2018
                : 11
                : 1
                : 25-27
                Affiliations
                [1] Guadalajara orgnameCentro de Salud de Cabanillas del Campo España
                Article
                S1699-695X2018000100025
                469a0f77-2f3f-4111-b5ec-cbda6a3e67f7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 July 2017
                : 14 May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 7, Pages: 3
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Lesiones de los Dedos,Adrenalina,Isquemia,Finger Injuries,Epinephrine,Ischemia

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