Rickettsia slovaca and R. raoultii in Tick-borne Rickettsioses

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Abstract

Tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA), also called Dermacentor-borne necrosis erythema and lymphadenopathy (DEBONEL), is defined as the association of a tick bite, an inoculation eschar on the scalp, and cervical adenopathies. We identified the etiologic agent for 65% of 86 patients with TIBOLA/DEBONEL as either Rickettsia slovaca (49/86, 57%) or R. raoultii (7/86, 8%).

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Ticks and associated pathogens collected from domestic animals in the Netherlands.

Ard M. Nijhof, Christa Bodaan, Milagros Postigo … (2006)

Following an outbreak of autochthonous canine babesiosis in the Netherlands, a request made to veterinarians and the public to collect ticks from companion animals resulted in 4298 ticks submitted between July 2005 and October 2006 to our center. Ticks were identified as Ixodes ricinus adults (2907/4298, 67.6%), Ixodes sp. nymphs (529/4298, 12.3%) and Ixodes sp. larvae (385/4298, 9.0%), I. hexagonus adults (328/4298, 7.6%), Dermacentor reticulatus (72/4298, 1.7%), and several other exotic tick species such as Amblyomma flavomaculatum (formerly Aponomma flavomaculatum), Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and R. turanicus (55/4298, 1.3%). Eight localities were surveyed for the presence of local D. reticulatus, a tick not indigenous to the Netherlands, based on multiple submissions of D. reticulatus ticks from these areas. D. reticulatus was collected from the vegetation in six of these localities, confirming the presence of populations of this tick in the Netherlands. Adult I. ricinus (n=251), I. hexagonus (n=237), and D. reticulatus (n=344) ticks were selected at random and subsequently screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization for the presence of Borrelia, Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia species. I. ricinus ticks were infected with Rickettsia helvetica (24.7%), spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group (7.2%), the Ehrlichia-like "Schotii" variant (2.4%), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (1.6%), Babesia sp. (EU1) (1.2%), Babesia divergens (0.4%), and Babesia microti (0.4%). A. phagocytophilum (5.9%) and R. helvetica (0.8%) were also detected in adult I. hexagonus ticks. Spotted fever group Rickettsiae, previously reported as Rickettsia sp. DnS14/RpA4 (14.0%), and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (0.3%) were detected in the D. reticulatus ticks, which appeared to be free from B. canis infection. We concluded that a much broader spectrum of ticks and tick-borne pathogens is present in the Netherlands than previously thought, including several potential zoonotic pathogens.

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Evidence for an increased geographical distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus in Germany and detection of Rickettsia sp. RpA4.

Hans Dautel, Cornelia Dippel, Rainer M. Oehme … (2006)

Two studies were performed to elucidate the current distribution of the tick Dermacentor reticulatus in Germany. In the first one in 2003, a total of 365 dogs from 171 sites in the states of Berlin and Brandenburg was screened for ticks, and the corresponding outdoor sites that the dogs usually visited were searched for host-seeking ticks by the flagging method. A total of 1155 ticks was removed from the dogs. The majority were Ixodes ricinus (88.5%), followed by D. reticulatus (9.1%) and I. hexagonus (2.4%). Altogether, 222 dogs carried I. ricinus (60.8%), 41 D. reticulatus (11.2%) and 15 I. hexagonus (4.1%) ticks. Based on scutal index determination, the removed I. ricinus and D. reticulatus had been feeding on the dogs for a mean of 4.0 and 4.5 days, respectively. The dogs infested with D. reticulatus lived at 26 different sites, all previously unknown as Dermacentor sites. Seven of the sites could be confirmed subsequently by flagging the vegetation for ticks. In the second study, a total of 721 deer was shot at 201 different sites from a total of 160 districts all over Germany during the autumn hunting season 2004. A total of 23 deer (3.2%) originating from 14 sites was infested with D. reticulatus. Hereby, significantly more red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) than roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) or fallow deer (Dama dama) harboured D. reticulatus ticks. Only two of the sites found had already been known as D. reticulatus areas, whereas all other sites in Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Hesse and Bavaria had been unknown. The results of both studies show that D. reticulatus presently occurs at far more sites than previously known in Germany and thus most likely has expanded its range. Additionally, a total of 135 D. reticulatus removed from deer was screened for Babesia canis and Rickettsia sp. by PCR. A total of 31 D. reticulatus (23%) were positive for Rickettsia. Sequencing revealed in all cases 100% identity with the strain RpA4 that was first isolated from Rhipicephalus ticks in Russia.

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Rickettsia raoultii sp. nov., a spotted fever group rickettsia associated with Dermacentor ticks in Europe and Russia.

Oleg Mediannikov, Kotaro Matsumoto, Irina Samoylenko … (2008)

We describe the characterization of a novel Rickettsia species cultivated from Dermacentor ticks collected in Russia and France, for which we propose the name Rickettsia raoultii sp. nov. Using multigene sequencing, we demonstrated that five rickettsial isolates from Dermacentor silvarum, Dermacentor reticulatus, Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor nuttalli ticks were classified within this novel spotted fever rickettsia species. This rickettsia also exhibited a serotype distinct from previously described Rickettsia species. The type strain of Rickettsia raoultii sp. nov. is strain Khabarovsk(T) (=CSUR R3(T) =ATCC VR-1596(T)).

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis

Journal ID (publisher-id): EID

Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases

Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

ISSN (Print): 1080-6040

ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059

Publication date (Print): July 2009

Volume: 15

Issue: 7

Pages: 1105-1108

Affiliations

[1]Unité des Rickettsies, Marseille, France (P. Parola, C. Rovery, J.M. Rolain, P. Brouqui, D. Raoult)

[2]Direction Régionale du Service de Santé des Armées, Toulon, France (B. Davoust)

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Didier Raoult, URMITE, Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Faculté de Médecine, 27, blvd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France; email: didier.raoult@ 123456gmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: 08-1449

DOI: 10.3201/eid1507.081449

PMC ID: 2744242

PubMed ID: 19624931

SO-VID: 54215b20-8e4e-41fc-b630-59e796c34453

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Rickettsia slovaca and R. raoultii in Tick -borne Rickettsioses

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Abstract

Related collections

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens

Most cited references 13

Ticks and associated pathogens collected from domestic animals in the Netherlands.

Evidence for an increased geographical distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus in Germany and detection of Rickettsia sp. RpA4.

Rickettsia raoultii sp. nov., a spotted fever group rickettsia associated with Dermacentor ticks in Europe and Russia.

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