Exercise Across the Phases of Cancer Survivorship: A Narrative Review

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Abstract

Exercise has long been recognized as an important component of treatment for various diseases. However, the benefits and risks of exercise interventions must be carefully evaluated to ensure the former outweighs the latter. As cancer patients undergo diverse treatment modalities with distinct objectives, a systematic approach partitioning the cancer journey into distinct phases is necessary to inform tailored exercise prescriptions. This narrative review summarizes exercise benefits and mechanisms for cancer patients and survivors across four distinct survivorship periods—before surgery, after surgery and before adjuvant treatment, during nonsurgical treatment (adjuvant and neoadjuvant), and during extended survival. In summary, exercise reduces the risks of complications and declines in physical functioning while improving fatigue, quality of life, and the ability to manage treatment effects. Although additional research is warranted, existing evidence is sufficient to integrate exercise into clinical oncology practice and cancer survivorship programs.

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Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases.

B K Pedersen, B Saltin (2015)

This review provides the reader with the up-to-date evidence-based basis for prescribing exercise as medicine in the treatment of 26 different diseases: psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, stress, schizophrenia); neurological diseases (dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis); metabolic diseases (obesity, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome, type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes); cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, cerebral apoplexy, and claudication intermittent); pulmonary diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis); musculo-skeletal disorders (osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, back pain, rheumatoid arthritis); and cancer. The effect of exercise therapy on disease pathogenesis and symptoms are given and the possible mechanisms of action are discussed. We have interpreted the scientific literature and for each disease, we provide the reader with our best advice regarding the optimal type and dose for prescription of exercise.

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Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors

KRISTIN L. CAMPBELL, KERRI M. WINTERS-STONE, JOACHIM WISKEMANN … (2019)

The number of cancer survivors worldwide is growing, with over 15.5 million cancer survivors in the United States alone-a figure expected to double in the coming decades. Cancer survivors face unique health challenges as a result of their cancer diagnosis and the impact of treatments on their physical and mental well-being. For example, cancer survivors often experience declines in physical functioning and quality of life while facing an increased risk of cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality compared with persons without cancer. The 2010 American College of Sports Medicine Roundtable was among the first reports to conclude that cancer survivors could safely engage in enough exercise training to improve physical fitness and restore physical functioning, enhance quality of life, and mitigate cancer-related fatigue.

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The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease.

Michael Gleeson, Nicolette C Bishop, David J Stensel … (2011)

Regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic metabolic and cardiorespiratory diseases, in part because exercise exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, these effects are also likely to be responsible for the suppressed immunity that makes elite athletes more susceptible to infections. The anti-inflammatory effects of regular exercise may be mediated via both a reduction in visceral fat mass (with a subsequent decreased release of adipokines) and the induction of an anti-inflammatory environment with each bout of exercise. In this Review, we focus on the known mechanisms by which exercise - both acute and chronic - exerts its anti-inflammatory effects, and we discuss the implications of these effects for the prevention and treatment of disease.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Yonsei Med J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Yonsei Med J

Journal ID (publisher-id): YMJ

Title: Yonsei Medical Journal

Publisher: Yonsei University College of Medicine

ISSN (Print): 0513-5796

ISSN (Electronic): 1976-2437

Publication date (Print): June 2024

Publication date (Electronic): 30 April 2024

Volume: 65

Issue: 6

Pages: 315-323

Affiliations

[1 ]Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

[2 ]National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.

[3 ]Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.

[4 ]Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.

[5 ]Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.

[6 ]Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

[7 ]Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.

[8 ]Cancer Prevention Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.

Author notes

Corresponding author: Justin Y. Jeon, PhD, Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea. jjeon@ 123456yonsei.ac.kr

Author information

Ki-Yong An https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7529-1314

Jihee Min https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-2124

Dong Hoon Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-4637

Dong-Woo Kang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2292-1946

Kerry S. Courneya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9677-3918

Justin Y. Jeon https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7978-4271

Article

DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0638

PMC ID: 11130592

PubMed ID: 38804025

SO-VID: 53cf2da1-cccc-42c0-84df-24ffc2557555

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 28 February 2024

Date accepted : 08 April 2024

Funding

Funded by: Yonsei Signature Research Cluster Project;

Award ID: 2021-22-0009

Funded by: Yonsei University, CrossRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002573;

Award ID: 2023-22-0159

Exercise Across the Phases of Cancer Survivorship: A Narrative Review

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Most cited references 83

Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases.

Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors

The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease.

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