Association between Volumetric Analysis of Lung Metastases on F-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Short-term Progression after I-131 Therapy for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

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Abstract

Purpose:

Lung metastases (LMs) and their radioiodine uptake affect prognosis in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). We herein investigate the value of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) in LMs on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-18 FDG PET/CT) in predicting short-term progression after initial I-131 therapy in DTC patients.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated 111 DTC patients with LMs. Diagnostic CT and I-131 scintigraphy were performed within 1 week of I-131 therapy. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and total MTV (MTVtotal) were compared between patients with I-131-positive and I-131-negative LMs and between patients with and without short-term progression. Correlation analyses were performed between F-18 FDG PET/CT parameters and thyroglobulin (TG) level, and predictive factors for short-term progression were analyzed by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results:

Patients with short-term progression had significantly higher SUVmax and MTVtotal than those without. TG levels were significantly correlated with SUVmax ( r = 0.21) and MTVtotal ( r = 0.51) after I-131 therapy. MTVtotal showed significant association (χ ² = 16.5, odds ratio = 0.02) with short-term progression after initial I-131 therapy and had the highest predictive value of all the putative risk factors.

Conclusions:

MTVtotal in LMs on F-18 FDG PET/CT is an independent predictive factor with a high predictive value for short-term progression of DTC after initial I-131 therapy. It is recommended that F-18 FDG PET/CT be performed before planning therapy during the evaluation of DTC patients with LM.

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Most cited references 19

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Increasing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer in the United States, 1988-2005.

Amy Chen, Ahmedin Jemal, Elizabeth Ward (2009)

Studies have reported an increasing incidence of thyroid cancer since 1980. One possible explanation for this trend is increased detection through more widespread and aggressive use of ultrasound and image-guided biopsy. Increases resulting from increased detection are most likely to involve small primary tumors rather than larger tumors, which often present as palpable thyroid masses. The objective of the current study was to investigate the trends in increasing incidence of differentiated (papillary and follicular) thyroid cancer by size, age, race, and sex. Cases of differentiated thyroid cancer (1988-2005) were analyzed using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) dataset. Trends in incidence rates of papillary and follicular cancer, race, age, sex, primary tumor size ( 4 cm), and SEER stage (localized, regional, distant) were analyzed using joinpoint regression and reported as the annual percentage change (APC). Incidence rates increased for all sizes of tumors. Among men and women of all ages, the highest rate of increase was for primary tumors or =4 cm among men (1988-2005: APC, 3.7) and women (1988-2005: APC, 5.70) and for distant SEER stage disease among men (APC, 3.7) and women (APC, 2.3). The incidence rates of differentiated thyroid cancers of all sizes increased between 1988 and 2005 in both men and women. The increased incidence across all tumor sizes suggested that increased diagnostic scrutiny is not the sole explanation. Other explanations, including environmental influences and molecular pathways, should be investigated.

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Tumor Treatment Response Based on Visual and Quantitative Changes in Global Tumor Glycolysis Using PET-FDG Imaging. The Visual Response Score and the Change in Total Lesion Glycolysis.

Cecille Casilla, Paula Cohen, T Akhurst … (1999)

"Functional" tumor treatment response parameters have been developed to measure treatment induced biochemical changes in the entire tumor mass, using positron emission tomography (PET) and [F-18] fludeoxyglucose (FDG). These new parameters are intended to measure global changes in tumor glycolysis. The response parameters are determined by comparing the pre- and posttreatment PET-FDG images either visually from the change in image appearance in the region of the tumor, or quantitatively based on features of the calibrated digital PET image. The visually assessed parameters are expressed as a visual response score (VRS), or visual response index (VRI), as the estimated percent response of the tumor. Visual Response Score (VRS) is recorded on a 5 point response scale (0-4): 0: no response or progression; 1: 1-33%; 2: >33%-66%; 3: >66%-99%; and 4: >99%, estimated response, respectively. The quantitative changes are expressed as total lesion glycolysis TLG or as the change in TLG during treatment, also called deltaTLG or Larson-Ginsberg Index (LGI), expressed as percent response. The volume of the lesion is determined from the PET-FDG images by an adaptive thresholding technique. This response index is computed as, deltaTLG (LGI) = {[(SUV(ave))(1) * (Vol)(1) - (SUV(ave))(2) * (Vol)(2)]/[(SUV(ave))(1) * (Vol)(1)]} * 100. Where "1" and "2" denote the pre- and posttreatment PET-FDG, scans respectively. Pre- and posttreatment PET-FDG scans were performed on a group of 41 locally advanced lung (2), rectal (17), esophageal (16) and gastric (6) cancers. These patients were treated before surgery with neoadjuvant chemo-radiation. Four experienced PET readers determined individual VRS and VRI blinded to each other as well as to the clinical history. Consensus VRS was obtained based on a discussion. The interobserver variability captured by intraclass correlation coefficient was 89.7%. In addition, reader reliability was assessed for the categorized VRS using Kendall's coefficient of concordance for ordinal data and was found to be equal to 85% This provided assurance that these response parameters were highly reproducible. The correlation of deltaTLG with % change in SUV(ave) and % change in SUV(max), as widely used parameters of response, were 0.73 and 0.78 (P <.0001) respectively. The corresponding correlation of VRI were 0.63 and 0.64 (P <.0001) respectively. Both deltaTLG and VRI showed greater mean changes than SUV maximum or average (59.7% and 76% vs. 46.9% and 46.8%). We conclude that VRS and deltaTLG are substantially correlated with other response parameters and are highly reproducible. As global measures of metabolic response, VRS, VRI and deltaTLG (LGI) should provide complementary information to more commonly used PET response parameters like the metabolic rate of FDG (MRFDG), or the standardized uptake value (SUV), that are calculated as normalized per gram of tumor. These findings set the stage for validation studies of the VRS and deltaTLG as objective measures of clinical treatment response, through comparison to the appropriate gold standards of posttreatment histopathology, recurrence free survival, and disease specific survival in well characterized populations of patients with locally advanced cancers.

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Treatment of advanced thyroid cancer with targeted therapies: ten years of experience.

David Viola, Laura Valerio, Eleonora Molinaro … (2016)

Thyroid cancer is rare, but it is the most frequent endocrine malignancy. Its prognosis is generally favorable, especially in cases of well-differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs), such as papillary and follicular cancers, which have survival rates of approximately 95% at 40 years. However, 15-20% of cases became radioiodine refractory (RAI-R), and until now, no other treatments have been effective. The same problems are found in cases of poorly differentiated (PDTC) and anaplastic (ATC) thyroid cancers and in at least 30% of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) cases, which are very aggressive and not sensitive to radioiodine. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent a new approach to the treatment of advanced cases of RAI-R DTC, MTC, PDTC, and, possibly, ATC. In the past 10 years, several TKIs have been tested for the treatment of advanced, progressive, and RAI-R thyroid tumors, and some of them have been recently approved for use in clinical practice: sorafenib and lenvatinib for DTC and PDTC and vandetanib and cabozantinib for MTC. The objective of this review is to present the current status of the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer with the use of innovative targeted therapies by describing both the benefits and the limits of their use based on the experiences reported so far. A comprehensive analysis and description of the molecular basis of these therapies, as well as new therapeutic perspectives, are reported. Some practical suggestions are given for both the choice of patients to be treated and their management, with particular regard to the potential side effects.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Indian J Nucl Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Indian J Nucl Med

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJNM

Title: Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine : IJNM : The Official Journal of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, India

Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )

ISSN (Print): 0972-3919

ISSN (Electronic): 0974-0244

Publication date (Print): Jul-Sep 2017

Volume: 32

Issue: 3

Pages: 167-172

Affiliations

[1] Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

[1 ] Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

[2 ] Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Dr. Yasuhiro Maruoka, Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. E-mail: ymaruoka@ 123456radiol.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp

Article

Publisher ID: IJNM-32-167

DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.IJNM_43_17

PMC ID: 5482009

SO-VID: 5261dce6-de1e-449f-92ff-30f3adbeaede

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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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Association between Volumetric Analysis of Lung Metastases on F-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Short-term Progression after I-131 Therapy for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

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Abstract

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Related collections

Probing cerebral hemodynamics with BOLD fMRI

Most cited references 19

Increasing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer in the United States, 1988-2005.

Tumor Treatment Response Based on Visual and Quantitative Changes in Global Tumor Glycolysis Using PET-FDG Imaging. The Visual Response Score and the Change in Total Lesion Glycolysis.

Treatment of advanced thyroid cancer with targeted therapies: ten years of experience.

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