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      A Nanocube Plasmonic Sensor for Molecular Binding on Membrane Surfaces

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          Abstract

          Detection and characterization of molecular interactions on membrane surfaces is important to biological and pharmacological research. Here, silver nanocubes interfaced with glass-supported model membranes form a label-free sensor that measures protein binding to the membrane. The technique utilizes plasmon resonance scattering of nanocubes, which are chemically coupled to the membrane. In contrast to other plasmonic sensing techniques, this method features simple, solution-based device fabrication and readout. Static and dynamic protein/membrane binding are monitored and quantified.

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          Rapid planetesimal formation in turbulent circumstellar discs

          Anders Johansen, Jeffrey S. Oishi, Mordecai-Mark Mac Low … (2007)
          The initial stages of planet formation in circumstellar gas discs proceed via dust grains that collide and build up larger and larger bodies (Safronov 1969). How this process continues from metre-sized boulders to kilometre-scale planetesimals is a major unsolved problem (Dominik et al. 2007): boulders stick together poorly (Benz 2000), and spiral into the protostar in a few hundred orbits due to a head wind from the slower rotating gas (Weidenschilling 1977). Gravitational collapse of the solid component has been suggested to overcome this barrier (Safronov 1969, Goldreich & Ward 1973, Youdin & Shu 2002). Even low levels of turbulence, however, inhibit sedimentation of solids to a sufficiently dense midplane layer (Weidenschilling & Cuzzi 1993, Dominik et al. 2007), but turbulence must be present to explain observed gas accretion in protostellar discs (Hartmann 1998). Here we report the discovery of efficient gravitational collapse of boulders in locally overdense regions in the midplane. The boulders concentrate initially in transient high pressures in the turbulent gas (Johansen, Klahr, & Henning 2006), and these concentrations are augmented a further order of magnitude by a streaming instability (Youdin & Goodman 2005, Johansen, Henning, & Klahr 2006, Johansen & Youdin 2007) driven by the relative flow of gas and solids. We find that gravitationally bound clusters form with masses comparable to dwarf planets and containing a distribution of boulder sizes. Gravitational collapse happens much faster than radial drift, offering a possible path to planetesimal formation in accreting circumstellar discs.
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            Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors.

            Jeffrey N Anker, W. Hall, Olga Lyandres … (2008)
            Recent developments have greatly improved the sensitivity of optical sensors based on metal nanoparticle arrays and single nanoparticles. We introduce the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor and describe how its exquisite sensitivity to size, shape and environment can be harnessed to detect molecular binding events and changes in molecular conformation. We then describe recent progress in three areas representing the most significant challenges: pushing sensitivity towards the single-molecule detection limit, combining LSPR with complementary molecular identification techniques such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and practical development of sensors and instrumentation for routine use and high-throughput detection. This review highlights several exceptionally promising research directions and discusses how diverse applications of plasmonic nanoparticles can be integrated in the near future.
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              A relativistic jetted outburst from a massive black hole fed by a tidally disrupted star

              Nathaniel R. Butler, Fabio De Colle, Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz … (2011)
              While gas accretion onto some massive black holes (MBHs) at the centers of galaxies actively powers luminous emission, the vast majority of MBHs are considered dormant. Occasionally, a star passing too near a MBH is torn apart by gravitational forces, leading to a bright panchromatic tidal disruption flare (TDF). While the high-energy transient Swift J164449.3+573451 ("Sw 1644+57") initially displayed none of the theoretically anticipated (nor previously observed) TDF characteristics, we show that the observations (Levan et al. 2011) suggest a sudden accretion event onto a central MBH of mass ~10^6-10^7 solar masses. We find evidence for a mildly relativistic outflow, jet collimation, and a spectrum characterized by synchrotron and inverse Compton processes; this leads to a natural analogy of Sw 1644+57 with a smaller-scale blazar. The phenomenologically novel Sw 1644+57 thus connects the study of TDFs and active galaxies, opening a new vista on disk-jet interactions in BHs and magnetic field generation and transport in accretion systems.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nano Lett
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nano Lett
                Journal ID (publisher-id): nl
                Journal ID (coden): nalefd
                Title: Nano Letters
                Publisher: American Chemical Society
                ISSN (Print): 1530-6984
                ISSN (Electronic): 1530-6992
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 April 2009
                Publication date (Print): 13 May 2009
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 2077-2082
                Affiliations
                Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding author, jtgroves@ 123456lbl.gov .
                [†]

                Department of Chemistry, University of California.

                [‡]

                Current address: Early Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080.

                [§]

                Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

                [∥]

                Current address: Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.

                [⊥]

                Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

                Article
                DOI: 10.1021/nl900513k
                PMC ID: 3626234
                PubMed ID: 19385625
                SO-VID: 524fd55e-0feb-4b0e-b2c9-e8147fa55f6b
                Copyright © Copyright © 2009 American Chemical Society
                History
                Date received : 18 February 2009
                Date revision received : 10 April 2009
                Funding
                National Institutes of Health, United States
                Categories
                Subject: Letter
                Custom metadata
                document-id-old-9 nl900513k
                document-id-new-14 nl-2009-00513k
                ccc-price 40.75

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nanotechnology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nanotechnology

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