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      Diversidad genética en cerdos criollos mexicanos con genes candidatos asociados a características productivas Translated title: Genetic diversity in Mexican Creole pigs with candidate genes associated with productive characters

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          Abstract

          El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la variabilidad, diversidad y distancias genéticas entre cerdos criollos, Pelón Mexicano (CPM) y Cuinos (CC), con Yorkshire, cuanto a los genes candidatos CAST, DECR1, HAL, HFABP4, LEP, LIPE, MCR4, MYOG, RN y CHX, a través de analysis por PCR-RFLP. Se evaluaron 180 cerdos: 59 CPM, 65 CC y 56 Yorkshire. Se analizaron las frecuencias génicas y genotípicas, heterocigosidad, distancias genéticas y árboles filogenéticos entre grupos raciales. Para CAST, DECR1, HFABP4, LEP, MCR4 y CHX las frecuencias génicas y genotípicas fueron diferentes al comparar las tres razas. En LIPE, los CC fueron iguales a los Yorkshire; en cuanto a MYOG, los CPM fueron iguales a los Yorkshire. No hubo diferencias entre poblaciones criollas y Yorkshire en las frecuencias génicas y genotípicas para HAL y RN. Los cerdos Yorkshire presentaron mayor frecuencia en alelos favorables para CAST, LIPE, MCR4 y MYOG, menor frecuencia de DECR1, HFABP4, CHX, y moderada en LEP. La heterocigosidad promedio para todos los genes fue mayor en CPM (0,42±0,05) y similar en CC (0,33±0,06) y Yorkshire (0,35±0,05). Al calcular distancias genéticas con todos los genes, los CC se encuentran más distantes de los Yorkshire.

          Translated abstract

          The aim of this study was to compare the genetic variability and diversity, and genetic distances between Mexican Creole pigs - Pelón Mexicano (CPM) and Cuinos (CC) - with the commercial breed Yorkshire for the candidate genes CAST, DECR1, HAL, HFABP4, LEP, LIPE, MCR4, MYOG, RN and CHX, using the PCR-RFLP technique. One hundred eighty pigs (59 CPM, 65 CC and 56 Yorkshire) were evaluated. Gene and genotypic frequencies, heterozygosity, genetic distances and filogenetic trees between breed groups were analyzed. In the comparison among the three breeds, the allelic and genotypic frequencies were different for CAST, DECR1, HFABP4, LEP, MCR4 and CHX. For LIPE, CC pigs were similar to Yorkshire; while for MYOG, the CPM were similar to Yorkshire breeds. There were no differences in the genic and genotypic frequencies for HAL and RN genes between Creole and Yorkshire populations. The Yorkshire breed had higher favorable allele frequency for CAST, LIPE, MCR4 and MYOG, smaller for DECR1, HFABP4, and for CHX, and moderate for LEP genes. The heterozygosity average for all genes was higher in CPM (0.42±0.05) and similar in both the CC (0.33±0.06) and Yorkshire (0.35±0.05) breeds. In the estimation of genetic distances considering all genes, the CC breed are more distant from the Yorshire pigs.

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          Molecular Cloning : A Laboratory Manual

          <p>The first two editions of this manual have been mainstays of molecular biology for nearly twenty years, with an unrivalled reputation for reliability, accuracy, and clarity.<br>In this new edition, authors Joseph Sambrook and David Russell have completely updated the book, revising every protocol and adding a mass of new material, to broaden its scope and maintain its unbeatable value for studies in genetics, molecular cell biology, developmental biology, microbiology, neuroscience, and immunology.<br>Handsomely redesigned and presented in new bindings of proven durability, this three–volume work is essential for everyone using today’s biomolecular techniques.<br>The opening chapters describe essential techniques, some well–established, some new, that are used every day in the best laboratories for isolating, analyzing and cloning DNA molecules, both large and small.<br>These are followed by chapters on cDNA cloning and exon trapping, amplification of DNA, generation and use of nucleic acid probes, mutagenesis, and DNA sequencing.<br>The concluding chapters deal with methods to screen expression libraries, express cloned genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotic cells, analyze transcripts and proteins, and detect protein–protein interactions.<br>The Appendix is a compendium of reagents, vectors, media, technical suppliers, kits, electronic resources and other essential information.<br>As in earlier editions, this is the only manual that explains how to achieve success in cloning and provides a wealth of information about why techniques work, how they were first developed, and how they have evolved. </p>
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            Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals.

            M Nei (1978)
            The magnitudes of the systematic biases involved in sample heterozygosity and sample genetic distances are evaluated, and formulae for obtaining unbiased estimates of average heterozygosity and genetic distance are developed. It is also shown that the number of individuals to be used for estimating average heterozygosity can be very small if a large number of loci are studied and the average heterozygosity is low. The number of individuals to be used for estimating genetic distance can also be very small if the genetic distance is large and the average heterozygosity of the two species compared is low.
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              Estimated frequency of the RN- allele in Swedish Hampshire pigs and comparison of glycolytic potential, carcass composition, and technological meat quality among Swedish Hampshire, Landrace, and Yorkshire pigs.

              The frequency of the dominant RN- allele (Rendement Napole) was estimated in purebred Swedish Hampshire pigs (n = 208) by using the estimated glycogen content in the longissimus muscle at slaughter (glycolytic potential; GP). Carriers (n = 177) and noncarriers (n = 31) of the RN- allele were compared with purebred Swedish Yorkshire (Y, n = 208) and Swedish Landrace (L, n = 114) pigs with respect to GP and carcass composition. Technological meat quality was compared between the RN phenotypes from the Hampshire breed and Yorkshire pigs. The distribution of GP deviated from a normal distribution in all three breeds. Hampshire pigs with GP > or = 183 micromol lactate equivalents per gram wet weight were regarded as carriers of the RN- allele (RN-/RN-, or RN-/rn+), and those constituted 85% of all Hampshire pigs evaluated, giving a frequency of .61 for the dominant allele (RN-). The RN- carriers had higher GP than noncarriers, Landrace, and Yorkshire pigs, but noncarriers and Landrace did not differ regarding GP. The two RN phenotypes did not differ in carcass composition, but the carriers were leaner than Landrace and Yorkshire, with larger proportions of meat plus bone in ham and back. Noncarriers and Yorkshire did not differ in leanness, but both these groups were leaner than Landrace. The RN- carriers had lower Napole yield (cured cooked muscle) and higher drip loss than noncarriers and Yorkshire, but in comparison with noncarriers they also had lower shear force values. In conclusion, the frequency of the RN- allele is high in purebred Swedish Hampshire. Most of the effects of the allele on technological meat quality (i.e., ultimate pH, water-holding capacity, and technological yield) found in crossbred pigs seem also to be consistent for purebred pigs. However, the RN- allele exerted less influence on meat content in purebred pigs.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pab
                Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
                Pesq. agropec. bras.
                Embrapa Informação Tecnológica (Brasília )
                1678-3921
                January 2011
                : 46
                : 1
                : 44-50
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Mexico
                [2 ] Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit Mexico
                Article
                S0100-204X2011000100006
                10.1590/S0100-204X2011000100006
                4e57fb05-f71d-4dbf-aad8-8087713fdd97

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-204X&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                Animal agriculture,General agriculture
                meat quality,molecular markers,genetic variation,calidad de la carne,marcadores moleculares,variación genética

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