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      SYPHILIS IN PREGNANCY, FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL SYPHILIS AND NEWBORN CONDITIONS AT BIRTH Translated title: SÍFILIS EN EL EMBARAZO, FACTORES ASOCIADOS CON LA SÍFILIS CONGÉNITA Y CONDICIONES DEL RECIÉN NACIDO AL NACIMIENTO Translated title: SÍFILIS NA GESTAÇÃO, FATORES ASSOCIADOS À SÍFILIS CONGÊNITA E CONDIÇÕES DO RECÉM-NASCIDO AO NASCER

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Objectives: to investigate factors associated with the occurrence of congenital syphilis in pregnant women with syphilis and to describe the cases of this disease regarding the justification for notification and aspects related to the newborn. Method: cohort study, with data collection between July and September 2017 which included 158 pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis during pregnancy, reported between 2013 and 2015. The characteristics of pregnant women and newborns are presented descriptively. The outcome under study was the occurrence or not of congenital syphilis. Sociodemographic exposure variables related to prenatal care and the adequacy of maternal syphilis treatment were analyzed by the stepwise selection criteria, and those that presented p<0.20, included in adjusted analysis, when critical p <0.05 was adopted. Results: most pregnant women with syphilis were white, had nine or more years of schooling and did not work. Among the participants, 74 (46.8%) had a newborn with congenital syphilis. Independently, the number of prenatal consultations was the only factor associated with congenital syphilis: as the number of consultations increased, the occurrence decreased (p=0.013, OR=0.87, 95%CI=0.79-0.97). The non-treatment of the mother and partner were the most frequent justifications for defining the case of congenital syphilis, and 33 newborns with syphilis presented complications at birth. Conclusion: considering the association with the number of prenatal consultations, in order to reduce cases of congenital syphilis, the municipality should modify the follow-up in this period, offering consultations, developing health education actions, implementing diagnostic investigation and appropriate treatment for pregnant women, and partnership when necessary.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivos: investigar, en gestantes con sífilis, factores asociados a la ocurrencia de sífilis congénita y describir los casos de esta enfermedad en cuanto a la justificación de la notificación y aspectos relacionados con el recién nacido. Método: estudio de cohorte, con recopilación de datos entre julio y septiembre de 2017 incluyó 158 gestantes con sífilis durante el embarazo, notificadas entre 2013 y 2015. Se presentan descriptivamente las características de gestantes y recién nacidos. El resultado en estudio fue la aparición o no de sífilis congénita. Las variables sociodemográficas de exposición, relacionadas con la atención prenatal y la adecuación del tratamiento de la sífilis materna, se analizaron mediante el criterio stepwise de selección escalonada, y las que presentaron p <0,20, incluidas en el análisis ajustado, y cuando se adoptó una p <0,05 crítica. Resultados: la mayoría de las mujeres embarazadas con sífilis eran blancas, tenían nueve o más años de escolaridad y no trabajaban. Entre las participantes, 74 (46,8%) tenían un recién nacido con sífilis congénita. Independientemente, el número de consultas prenatales fue el único factor asociado con la sífilis congénita: a medida que aumentaba el número de consultas, la ocurrencia disminuía (p = 0,013, OR = 0,87, IC 95% = 0,79-0,97). El no tratamiento de la madre y la pareja fueron las justificaciones más frecuentes para definir el caso de sífilis congénita, y 33 recién nacidos con sífilis presentaron complicaciones al nacer. Conclusión: considerando la asociación con el número de consultas prenatales, para reducir los casos de sífilis congénita, el municipio debe habilitar el seguimiento en este período, ofreciendo consultas, desarrollando acciones de educación en salud, implementando investigaciones diagnósticas y tratamiento adecuado a la gestante, y alianzas cuando sea necesario.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Objetivos: investigar, em gestantes com sífilis, fatores associados à ocorrência de sífilis congênita e descrever os casos dessa doença quanto à justificativa para notificação e aspectos relativos ao recém-nascido. Método: estudo de coorte, com coleta de dados entre julho e setembro de 2017, incluiu 158 gestantes com sífilis na gestação, notificadas entre 2013 e 2015. As características das gestantes e recém-nascidos são apresentadas descritivamente. O desfecho em estudo foi ocorrência ou não de sífilis congênita. Variáveis de exposição sociodemográficas, relativas ao pré-natal e à adequação do tratamento da sífilis materna, foram analisadas pelo critério stepwise de seleção, e aquelas que apresentaram p<0,20, incluídas em análise ajustada, quando se adotou p crítico <0,05. Resultados: a maioria das gestantes com sífilis era branca, tinha nove ou mais anos de escolaridade e não trabalhava. Entre as participantes, 74 (46,8%) tiveram recém-nascido com sífilis congênita. De modo independente, o número de consultas pré-natais foi o único fator associado à sífilis congênita: à medida que aumentou o número de consultas, diminuiu a ocorrência (p=0,013, OR=0,87, IC95%=0,79-0,97). O não tratamento da mãe e do parceiro foram as justificativas mais frequentes para definição do caso de sífilis congênita, e 33 recém-nascidos com sífilis apresentaram intercorrência ao nascer. Conclusão: considerando a associação ao número de consultas pré-natal, para redução dos casos de sífilis congênita, o município deverá qualificar o seguimento nesse período, com oferta de consultas, desenvolvimento de ações de educação em saúde, implementação de investigação diagnóstica e de tratamento adequado para gestante, e parceria quando necessário.

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          Syphilis

          Syphilis is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum that is endemic in low-income countries and and occurs at lower rates in middle-income and high-income countries. The disease is of both individual and public health importance and, in addition to its direct morbidity, increases risk of HIV infection and can cause lifelong morbidity in children born to infected mothers. Without treatment the disease can progress over years through a series of clinical stages and lead to irreversible neurological or cardiovascular complications. Although syphilis is an ancient disease and the principles of recommended management have been established for decades, diagnosis and management are often challenging because of its varied manifestations and difficulty in interpretation of serological tests used to confirm diagnosis and evaluate response to therapy. In North America and western Europe, incidence of syphilis has increased dramatically in the past decade among men who have sex with men, particularly those with coexistent HIV infection. Only one drug, penicillin, is recommended for syphilis treatment and response to therapy is assessed based on changes over months in serological test titres. Treatment for patients who cannot receive penicillin and management of patients who do not serologically respond to treatment are common clinical problems.
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            WHO Recommendations on Antenatal Care for a Positive Pregnancy Experience

            Within the continuum of reproductive health care, antenatal care provides a platform for important health-care functions, including health promotion, screening and diagnosis, and disease prevention. It has been established that, by implementing timely and appropriate evidence-based practices, antenatal care can save lives.<br> <br> Endorsed by the United Nations Secretary-General, this is a comprehensive WHO guideline on routine antenatal care for pregnant women and adolescent girls. It aims to complement existing WHO guidelines on the management of specific pregnancy-related complications. The guidance captures the complex nature of the antenatal care issues surrounding healthcare practices and delivery, and prioritizes person-centered health and well-being --- not only the prevention of death and morbidity --- in accordance with a human rights-based approach.
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              Epidemic Profile of Maternal Syphilis in China in 2013

              Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and adverse pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with syphilis infection in China. Methods. Data were from China's Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Syphilis Management. Women who were registered in the system and delivered in 2013 were included in the analysis. Results. A total of 15884 pregnant women with syphilis infection delivered in China in 2013. 79.1% of infected women attended antenatal care at or before 37 gestational weeks; however, 55.4% received no treatment or initiated the treatment after 37 gestational weeks. 14.0% of women suffered serious adverse pregnancy outcomes including stillbirth/neonatal death, preterm delivery/low birth weight, or congenital syphilis in newborns. High maternal titer (≥1 : 64) and late treatment (>37 gestational weeks)/nontreatment were significantly associated with increased risk of congenital syphilis and the adjusted ORs were 1.88 (95% CI 1.27 to 2.80) and 3.70 (95% CI 2.36 to 5.80), respectively. Conclusion. Syphilis affects a great number of pregnant women in China. Large proportions of women are not detected and treated at an early pregnancy stage. Burden of adverse pregnancy outcomes is high among infected women. Comprehensive interventions still need to be strengthened to improve uptake of screening and treatment for maternal syphilis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                tce
                Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem
                Texto contexto - enferm.
                Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem (, SC, Brazil )
                0104-0707
                1980-265X
                2021
                : 30
                : e20200423
                Affiliations
                [2] Brasília Distrito Federal orgnameUniversidade de Brasília orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde orgdiv2Departamento de Enfermagem Brazil
                [1] Botucatu São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu orgdiv2Departamento de Enfermagem Brazil
                Article
                S0104-07072021000100359 S0104-0707(21)03000000359
                10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2020-0423
                984530df-f659-4f15-878d-fd6cec9cfae5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 March 2021
                : 22 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Revista de Enfermagem

                Categories
                Original Article

                Sífilis,Sífilis congénita,El embarazo,Factores de riesgo,Estudios longitudinales,Sífilis congênita,Gravidez,Fatores de risco,Estudos longitudinais,Syphilis,Congenital syphilis,Pregnancy,Risk factors,Longitudinal studies

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