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      Envelhecimento populacional e gastos com saúde: uma análise das transferências intergeracionais e intrageracionais na saúde suplementar brasileira Translated title: Envejecimiento de la población y el gasto en salud: un análisis de las transferencias intergeneracionales e intrageneracionales en los planes privados de salud de Brasil Translated title: Population aging and health spending: an analysis of intergenerational and intragenerational transfers in the Brazilian private health care plans

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          Abstract

          Resumo O modelo de precificação de planos de saúde no Brasil prevê a imposição de limites de variação das mensalidades por faixa etária, possibilitando a transferência de recursos dos mais jovens, que têm menor risco de utilização, para aqueles em idades mais avançadas. O aumento da proporção de idosos nas carteiras dos planos de saúde poderá inviabilizar as transferências intergeracionais e a atual estrutura de precificação. O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a magnitude das transferências intergeracionais (entre diferentes grupos de idade) e intrageracionais (em um mesmo grupo de idade) na saúde suplementar brasileira, por meio da análise de dados de uma amostra representativa de operadoras de planos de saúde. Segundo os resultados encontrados, os saldos das transferências intergeracionais foram positivos e ocorrem dos mais jovens para beneficiários de 66 anos ou mais. Os resultados mostram ainda a ocorrência de transferências intrageracionais em duas das faixas etárias definidas pela legislação vigente: 0 a 18 anos e 59 anos ou mais. Finalmente, o exercício de retroprojeção demonstrou que nos últimos 15 anos a sinistralidade nos planos individuais apresentou constante aumento, indicando risco crescente de insuficiência das mensalidades para fins de custeio das despesas no médio prazo, em razão do envelhecimento populacional.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen El modelo de fijación de precios de seguros de salud en Brasil prohíbe grandes variaciones de las tarifas mensuales mediante la imposición de reglas estrictas por franja etaria, lo que posibilita transferencias intergeneracionales desde los grupos de edades más jóvenes, que son de menor riesgo, hacia los de edades más avanzadas. El envejecimiento de la población asegurada a la salud implicará un aumento de las transferencias intergeneracionales y hará que la estructura actual de precios sea insostenible en el futuro. El objetivo de este artículo es estimar la magnitud de las transferencias intergeneracionales (entre diferentes grupos de edad) e intrageneracionales (dentro del mismo grupo etario) en los planes de salud privados brasileños, mediante el análisis de los datos de una muestra representativa de los proveedores de seguros de salud. Según los resultados obtenidos, los saldos de las transferencias intergeneracionales fueron positivos y ocurren desde los más jóvenes hacia los asegurados de 66 años o más. Los resultados muestran también la ocurrencia de transferencias intrageneracionales en dos franjas etarias definidas por la legislación vigente: de cero a 18 años y de 59 años o más. Finalmente, el ejercicio de retroproyección demostró que en los últimos 15 años la siniestralidad en los planos individuales presentó un aumento constante, que indica un riesgo creciente de insuficiencia de las mensualidades para costear las transferencia en el mediano plazo, a causa del envejecimiento poblacional.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The health insurance pricing model in Brazil prohibits large variations of monthly fees by imposing strict premium rules by age. Therefore, intergenerational transfers may occur from younger age groups, who are lower-risk, to older ones. Population aging will result in a larger share of policyholders at older ages, increasing intergenerational transfers and making the current pricing structure unsustainable in the future. The aim of this article is to estimate the magnitude of intergenerational and intragenerational transfers (within the same age group) in the Brazilian private health care plans, by examining data from a representative sample of health insurance providers. We found intergenerational transfers to occur, on average, from policy holders younger than 66 years of age to older ones. Results also show significant intragenerational transfers within two of the age groups defined by existing legislation: 0 to 18 and 59 years and older. Finally, simulations using changes in the age structure over the last 15 years confirm population aging may result in larger intergenerational transfers with increasing loss-ratio over time.

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          Most cited references23

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          Redefining the elderly as aged 75 years and older: Proposal from the Joint Committee of Japan Gerontological Society and the Japan Geriatrics Society.

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            Trends in Medicare payments in the last year of life.

            Increased attention is being paid to the amount and types of medical services rendered in the period before death. There is a popular impression that a greater share of resources is being devoted to dying patients than in the past. We examined trends in the proportion of Medicare expenditures for persons 65 years old or older in their last year of life to determine whether there were any changes from 1976 to 1988. Using Medicare program data for 1976, 1980, 1985, and 1988, we classified Medicare payments according to whether they were made for people in their last year of life (decedents) or for survivors. We also assigned expenses for care in the last year of life according to intervals of 30 days before the person's death and examined trends according to age. Reflecting the large overall increase in Medicare spending, Medicare costs for decedents rose from $3,488 per person-year in 1976 to $13,316 in 1988. However, Medicare payments for decedents as a percentage of the total Medicare budget changed little, fluctuating between 27.2 and 30.6 percent during the study period. Payments for care during the last 60 days of life expressed as a percentage of payments for the last year also held steady at about 52 percent. Furthermore, the pattern of lower payments for older as compared with younger decedents also prevailed throughout the study period. The same forces that have acted to increase overall Medicare expenditures have affected care for both decedents and survivors. There is no evidence that persons in the last year of life account for a larger share of Medicare expenditures than in earlier years.
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              The Characteristics Approach to the Measurement of Population Aging

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbepop
                Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População
                Rev. bras. estud. popul.
                Associação Brasileira de Estudos Populacionais (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0102-3098
                1980-5519
                February 2019
                : 35
                : 2
                : e0062
                Affiliations
                [1] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) orgdiv1Centro de Desenvolvimento e Planejamento Regional (Cedeplar) Brazil lauar.samara@ 123456gmail.com
                [3] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas (Face) Brazil knoronha@ 123456cedeplar.ufmg.br
                [2] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) orgdiv1Centro de Desenvolvimento e Planejamento Regional (Cedeplar) Brazil turra@ 123456cedeplar.ufmg.br
                Article
                S0102-30982018000200155
                10.20947/s102-3098a0062
                4ca2da96-675e-4f8e-8d54-97e36839dfca

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 September 2018
                : 31 October 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 65, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigo Original

                Envejecimiento poblacional,Gasto en salud,Planes privados de salud brasileños,Transferencias intergeneracionales,Transferencias intrageneracionales,Envelhecimento populacional,Gastos com saúde,Saúde suplementar brasileira,Transferências intergeracionais,Transferências intrageracionais,Population aging,Health expenditure,Brazilian private health care plans,Intergenerational transfers,Intragenerational transfers

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