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      Social Skill Interventions for Youth and Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

      1 , 1 , 1
      Review of Educational Research
      American Educational Research Association (AERA)

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          Postsecondary education and employment among youth with an autism spectrum disorder.

          We examined the prevalence and correlates of postsecondary education and employment among youth with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
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            Cognitive, language, social and behavioural outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review of longitudinal follow-up studies in adulthood.

            Although increasing numbers of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are now entering adolescence and adulthood, there is limited research on outcomes post childhood. A systematic review of the existing literature was conducted. PsycINFO, PubMed, MedLine and CINAHL were systematically searched using keywords related to ASD and adolescent and adult outcomes. Studies of individuals diagnosed with ASD in childhood and followed up into adulthood were identified and reviewed. Only studies with samples sizes >10, mean age at outcome >16 years and at least one previous assessment in childhood (<16 years) were included. Twenty-five studies meeting criteria were identified. Reported outcomes in adulthood were highly variable across studies. Although social functioning, cognitive ability and language skills remained relatively stable in some studies, others reported deterioration over time. Adaptive functioning tended to improve in most studies. Diagnosis of autism or ASD was generally stable, although severity of autism-related behavioural symptoms was often reported to improve. Childhood IQ and early language ability appeared to be the strongest predictors of later outcome, but few studies examined other early variables associated with adult functioning. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to methodological challenges in longitudinal outcome research and future research directions. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Employment and post-secondary educational activities for young adults with autism spectrum disorders during the transition to adulthood.

              This report describes the post-high school educational and occupational activities for 66 young adults with autism spectrum disorders who had recently exited the secondary school system. Analyses indicated low rates of employment in the community, with the majority of young adults (56%) spending time in sheltered workshops or day activity centers. Young adults with ASD without an intellectual disability were three times more likely to have no daytime activities compared to adults with ASD who had an intellectual disability. Differences in behavioral functioning were observed by employment/day activity group. Our findings suggest that the current service system may be inadequate to accommodate the needs of youths with ASD who do not have intellectual disabilities during the transition to adulthood.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Review of Educational Research
                Review of Educational Research
                American Educational Research Association (AERA)
                0034-6543
                1935-1046
                November 21 2017
                February 2018
                November 07 2017
                February 2018
                : 88
                : 1
                : 3-42
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Florida State University
                Article
                10.3102/0034654317740334
                4c1dec15-86d5-4727-b350-78b92e337111
                © 2018

                http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license

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