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      Membrane-based processes for sustainable power generation using water.

      1 ,
      Nature
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          Abstract

          Water has always been crucial to combustion and hydroelectric processes, but it could become the source of power in membrane-based systems that capture energy from natural and waste waters. Two processes are emerging as sustainable methods for capturing energy from sea water: pressure-retarded osmosis and reverse electrodialysis. These processes can also capture energy from waste heat by generating artificial salinity gradients using synthetic solutions, such as thermolytic salts. A further source of energy comes from organic matter in waste waters, which can be harnessed using microbial fuel-cell technology, allowing both wastewater treatment and power production.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Nature
          Nature
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          1476-4687
          0028-0836
          Aug 16 2012
          : 488
          : 7411
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. blogan@psu.edu
          Article
          nature11477
          10.1038/nature11477
          22895336
          491a6e7e-79e1-443c-a76b-32229efb23fd
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