Atomic (single, double, and triple atoms) catalysis: frontiers, opportunities, and challenges

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Abstract

SACs, DACs, and TACs, heterogeneous catalysts with the advantages of homogeneous catalysts, are ideal models for exploring catalytic mechanisms and further designing catalysts.

Abstract

The atomic dispersing of metal atoms supported on an optimal substrate exhibits an ideal strategy for maximizing metal utilization for catalysis, which is particularly significant for exploiting new catalysts with low cost and high catalytic efficiency. The dramatic development of atomic metal catalysts, including single atom catalysts (SACs), double atoms catalysts (DACs), and triple atoms catalysts (TACs), has spawned two remarkable platforms: (1) bridging homogeneous catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts; (2) linking theoretical calculations and experimental results. In this review, recent syntheses, characterizations, and applications of SACs, DACs, and TACs are highlighted through a focus on various applied substrates. We extensively discuss the synthetic strategies of successfully achieving SACs, DACs, and TACs. Moreover, the opportunities and challenges in developing SACs, DACs, and TACs are pointed out, together with the prospects for the development of atomic catalysis.

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Single-atom catalysis of CO oxidation using Pt1/FeOx.

Botao Qiao, Aiqin Wang, Xiaofeng Yang … (2011)

Platinum-based heterogeneous catalysts are critical to many important commercial chemical processes, but their efficiency is extremely low on a per metal atom basis, because only the surface active-site atoms are used. Catalysts with single-atom dispersions are thus highly desirable to maximize atom efficiency, but making them is challenging. Here we report the synthesis of a single-atom catalyst that consists of only isolated single Pt atoms anchored to the surfaces of iron oxide nanocrystallites. This single-atom catalyst has extremely high atom efficiency and shows excellent stability and high activity for both CO oxidation and preferential oxidation of CO in H2. Density functional theory calculations show that the high catalytic activity correlates with the partially vacant 5d orbitals of the positively charged, high-valent Pt atoms, which help to reduce both the CO adsorption energy and the activation barriers for CO oxidation.

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Heterogeneous single-atom catalysis

Tao Zhang, Aiqin Wang, Jun. Li (2018)

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Metal Catalysts for Heterogeneous Catalysis: From Single Atoms to Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles

Lichen Liu, Avelino Corma (2018)

Metal species with different size (single atoms, nanoclusters, and nanoparticles) show different catalytic behavior for various heterogeneous catalytic reactions. It has been shown in the literature that many factors including the particle size, shape, chemical composition, metal–support interaction, and metal–reactant/solvent interaction can have significant influences on the catalytic properties of metal catalysts. The recent developments of well-controlled synthesis methodologies and advanced characterization tools allow one to correlate the relationships at the molecular level. In this Review, the electronic and geometric structures of single atoms, nanoclusters, and nanoparticles will be discussed. Furthermore, we will summarize the catalytic applications of single atoms, nanoclusters, and nanoparticles for different types of reactions, including CO oxidation, selective oxidation, selective hydrogenation, organic reactions, electrocatalytic, and photocatalytic reactions. We will compare the results obtained from different systems and try to give a picture on how different types of metal species work in different reactions and give perspectives on the future directions toward better understanding of the catalytic behavior of different metal entities (single atoms, nanoclusters, and nanoparticles) in a unifying manner.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Q. Jiang: (View ORCID Profile)

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): JMCAET

Title: Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Abbreviated Title: J. Mater. Chem. A

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

ISSN (Print): 2050-7488

ISSN (Electronic): 2050-7496

Publication date Created: February 19 2019

Publication date (Electronic): 2019

Volume: 7

Issue: 8

Pages: 3492-3515

Affiliations

[1 ]Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials

[2 ]Ministry of Education

[3 ]School of Materials Science and Engineering

[4 ]Jilin University

[5 ]Changchun 130022

Article

DOI: 10.1039/C8TA11416A

SO-VID: 469b487c-c117-48ea-9f04-f95753b9f84e

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http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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