The mycelium of the Trametes versicolor synn. Coriolus versicolor (Turkey tail mushroom) exhibit anti-melanoma activity in vitro

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Abstract

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer and is characterized by high metastatic potential. Despite improvements in early diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate among metastatic melanoma patients continues to represent a significant clinical challenge. Therefore, it is imperative that we search for new forms of treatment. Trametes versicolor is a mushroom commonly used in Chinese traditional medicine due to its numerous beneficial properties. In the present work, we demonstrate T. versicolor fruiting body and mycelium ethanol extracts exhibit potent cytotoxic activity towards A375 (IC ₅₀ = 663.3 and 114.5 μg/mL respectively) and SK- MEL-5 (IC ₅₀ = 358.4 and 88.6 μg/mL respectively) human melanoma cell lines. Further studies revealed that T. versicolor mycelium extract induced apoptotic cell death and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, upregulated the expression of autophagy-associated marker LC3-II, increased the presentation of major histocompatibility complex II and expression of programmed death-ligand receptor, and inhibited cell migration in SK- MEL-5 cells. Therefore, our present findings highlight the therapeutic potential of T. versicolor mycelium extract for the treatment of melanoma and merit further study.

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Drug combination studies and their synergy quantification using the Chou-Talalay method.

Ting-Chao Chou (2010)

This brief perspective article focuses on the most common errors and pitfalls, as well as the do's and don'ts in drug combination studies, in terms of experimental design, data acquisition, data interpretation, and computerized simulation. The Chou-Talalay method for drug combination is based on the median-effect equation, derived from the mass-action law principle, which is the unified theory that provides the common link between single entity and multiple entities, and first order and higher order dynamics. This general equation encompasses the Michaelis-Menten, Hill, Henderson-Hasselbalch, and Scatchard equations in biochemistry and biophysics. The resulting combination index (CI) theorem of Chou-Talalay offers quantitative definition for additive effect (CI = 1), synergism (CI 1) in drug combinations. This theory also provides algorithms for automated computer simulation for synergism and/or antagonism at any effect and dose level, as shown in the CI plot and isobologram, respectively.

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Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wide-ranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics

J F R Kerr, A H Wyllie, A Currie (1972)

The term apoptosis is proposed for a hitherto little recognized mechanism of controlled cell deletion, which appears to play a complementary but opposite role to mitosis in the regulation of animal cell populations. Its morphological features suggest that it is an active, inherently programmed phenomenon, and it has been shown that it can be initiated or inhibited by a variety of environmental stimuli, both physiological and pathological. The structural changes take place in two discrete stages. The first comprises nuclear and cytoplasmic condensation and breaking up of the cell into a number of membrane-bound, ultrastructurally well-preserved fragments. In the second stage these apoptotic bodies are shed from epithelial-lined surfaces or are taken up by other cells, where they undergo a series of changes resembling in vitro autolysis within phagosomes, and are rapidly degraded by lysosomal enzymes derived from the ingesting cells. Apoptosis seems to be involved in cell turnover in many healthy adult tissues and is responsible for focal elimination of cells during normal embryonic development. It occurs spontaneously in untreated malignant neoplasms, and participates in at least some types of therapeutically induced tumour regression. It is implicated in both physiological involution and atrophy of various tissues and organs. It can also be triggered by noxious agents, both in the embryo and adult animal. Images Fig. 8-10 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 11-14 Fig. 15-18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20-22 Fig. 23 and 24

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New colorimetric cytotoxicity assay for anticancer-drug screening.

P Skehan, R. Storeng, D Scudiero … (1990)

We have developed a rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive method for measuring the cellular protein content of adherent and suspension cultures in 96-well microtiter plates. The method is suitable for ordinary laboratory purposes and for very large-scale applications, such as the National Cancer Institute's disease-oriented in vitro anticancer-drug discovery screen, which requires the use of several million culture wells per year. Cultures fixed with trichloroacetic acid were stained for 30 minutes with 0.4% (wt/vol) sulforhodamine B (SRB) dissolved in 1% acetic acid. Unbound dye was removed by four washes with 1% acetic acid, and protein-bound dye was extracted with 10 mM unbuffered Tris base [tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] for determination of optical density in a computer-interfaced, 96-well microtiter plate reader. The SRB assay results were linear with the number of cells and with values for cellular protein measured by both the Lowry and Bradford assays at densities ranging from sparse subconfluence to multilayered supraconfluence. The signal-to-noise ratio at 564 nm was approximately 1.5 with 1,000 cells per well. The sensitivity of the SRB assay compared favorably with sensitivities of several fluorescence assays and was superior to those of both the Lowry and Bradford assays and to those of 20 other visible dyes. The SRB assay provides a colorimetric end point that is nondestructive, indefinitely stable, and visible to the naked eye. It provides a sensitive measure of drug-induced cytotoxicity, is useful in quantitating clonogenicity, and is well suited to high-volume, automated drug screening. SRB fluoresces strongly with laser excitation at 488 nm and can be measured quantitatively at the single-cell level by static fluorescence cytometry.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-journal-id): 8213295

Journal ID (pubmed-jr-id): 1156

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomed Pharmacother

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomed Pharmacother

Title: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

ISSN (Print): 0753-3322

ISSN (Electronic): 1950-6007

Publication date Nihms-submitted: 22 April 2023

Publication date (Print): May 2023

Publication date (Electronic): 22 February 2023

Publication date PMC-release: 01 May 2023

Volume: 161

Page: 114424

Affiliations

[a ]Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States

[b ]Arkansas Statewide MS Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, AR, United States

[c ]Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, AR, United States

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding authors. AJTackett@ 123456uams.edu (A.J. Tackett), aurbaniak@ 123456uams.edu (A. Urbaniak).

Article

Manuscript ID: NIHMS1886750

DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114424

PMC ID: 10147383

PubMed ID: 36827712

SO-VID: 42b3d6fa-586d-468c-a3af-6dd32c537604

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

The mycelium of the Trametes versicolor synn. Coriolus versicolor (Turkey tail mushroom) exhibit anti-melanoma activity in vitro

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Most cited references 82

Drug combination studies and their synergy quantification using the Chou-Talalay method.

Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wide-ranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics

New colorimetric cytotoxicity assay for anticancer-drug screening.

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