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      A Versatile and Sustainable Multicomponent Platform for the Synthesis of Protein Degraders: Proof-of-Concept Application to BRD4-Degrading PROTACs

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          Abstract

          The use of small molecules to induce targeted protein degradation is increasingly growing in the drug discovery landscape, and protein degraders have progressed rapidly through the pipelines. Despite the advances made so far, their synthesis still represents a significant burden and new approaches are highly demanded. Herein we report an unprecedented platform that leverages the modular nature of both multicomponent reactions and degraders to enable the preparation of highly decorated PROTACs. As a proof of principle, our platform has been applied to the preparation of potential BRD4-degrading PROTACs, resulting in the discovery of a set of degraders endowed with high degradation efficiency. Compared to the existing methods, our approach offers a versatile and cost-effective means to access libraries of protein degraders and increase the chance of identifying successful candidates.

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          Protacs: chimeric molecules that target proteins to the Skp1-Cullin-F box complex for ubiquitination and degradation.

          The intracellular levels of many proteins are regulated by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. One of the best-characterized enzymes that catalyzes the attachment of ubiquitin to proteins is a ubiquitin ligase complex, Skp1-Cullin-F box complex containing Hrt1 (SCF). We sought to artificially target a protein to the SCF complex for ubiquitination and degradation. To this end, we tested methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP-2), which covalently binds the angiogenesis inhibitor ovalicin. A chimeric compound, protein-targeting chimeric molecule 1 (Protac-1), was synthesized to recruit MetAP-2 to SCF. One domain of Protac-1 contains the I kappa B alpha phosphopeptide that is recognized by the F-box protein beta-TRCP, whereas the other domain is composed of ovalicin. We show that MetAP-2 can be tethered to SCF(beta-TRCP), ubiquitinated, and degraded in a Protac-1-dependent manner. In the future, this approach may be useful for conditional inactivation of proteins, and for targeting disease-causing proteins for destruction.
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            PROTAC targeted protein degraders: the past is prologue

            Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is an emerging therapeutic modality with the potential to tackle disease-causing proteins that have historically been highly challenging to target with conventional small molecules. In the 20 years since the concept of a proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) molecule harnessing the ubiquitin–proteasome system to degrade a target protein was reported, TPD has moved from academia to industry, where numerous companies have disclosed programmes in preclinical and early clinical development. With clinical proof-of-concept for PROTAC molecules against two well-established cancer targets provided in 2020, the field is poised to pursue targets that were previously considered ‘undruggable’. In this Review, we summarize the first two decades of PROTAC discovery and assess the current landscape, with a focus on industry activity. We then discuss key areas for the future of TPD, including establishing the target classes for which TPD is most suitable, expanding the use of ubiquitin ligases to enable precision medicine and extending the modality beyond oncology. Targeted protein degradation with proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) has the potential to tackle disease-causing proteins that have historically been highly challenging to target with conventional small molecules. This article summarizes the first two decades of PROTAC discovery and discusses key areas for the future of this therapeutic modality, including establishing the target classes for which it is most suitable and extending its application beyond oncology.
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              Induced protein degradation: an emerging drug discovery paradigm

              Small-molecule drug discovery has traditionally focused on occupancy of a binding site that directly affects protein function. This article discusses emerging technologies, such as proteolysis-targeting chimaeras (PROTACs), that exploit cellular quality control machinery to selectively degrade target proteins, which could have advantages over traditional approaches, including the potential to target proteins that are not currently therapeutically tractable.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Med Chem
                J Med Chem
                jm
                jmcmar
                Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
                American Chemical Society
                0022-2623
                1520-4804
                02 November 2022
                24 November 2022
                : 65
                : 22
                : 15282-15299
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale , Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-8359
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4804-9543
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3936-4787
                Article
                10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01218
                9706574
                36323630
                416548f8-cf25-4f02-97e5-510ab2fee4e3
                © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

                Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 28 July 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca, doi 10.13039/501100003407;
                Award ID: PRIN 2017 N 2017WJZ9W9
                Funded by: Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, doi 10.13039/501100005010;
                Award ID: 25278
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                jm2c01218
                jm2c01218

                Pharmaceutical chemistry
                Pharmaceutical chemistry

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