Factors Affecting Training and Physical Performance in Recreational Endurance Runners

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Endurance running has become an immensely popular sporting activity, with millions of recreational runners around the world. Despite the great popularity of endurance running as a recreational activity during leisure time, there is no consensus on the best practice for recreational runners to effectively train to reach their individual objectives and improve physical performance in a healthy manner. Moreover, there are lots of anecdotal data without scientific support, while most scientific evidence on endurance running was developed from studies observing both recreational and professional athletes of different levels. Further, the transference of all this information to only recreational runners is difficult due to differences in the genetic predisposition for endurance running, the time available for training, and physical, psychological, and physiological characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present a selection of scientific evidence regarding endurance running to provide training guidelines to be used by recreational runners and their coaches. The review will focus on some key aspects of the training process, such as periodization, training methods and monitoring, performance prediction, running technique, and prevention and management of injuries associated with endurance running.

Related collections

Most cited references 143

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Endurance running and the evolution of Homo.

Dennis M. Bramble, Daniel Lieberman (2004)

Striding bipedalism is a key derived behaviour of hominids that possibly originated soon after the divergence of the chimpanzee and human lineages. Although bipedal gaits include walking and running, running is generally considered to have played no major role in human evolution because humans, like apes, are poor sprinters compared to most quadrupeds. Here we assess how well humans perform at sustained long-distance running, and review the physiological and anatomical bases of endurance running capabilities in humans and other mammals. Judged by several criteria, humans perform remarkably well at endurance running, thanks to a diverse array of features, many of which leave traces in the skeleton. The fossil evidence of these features suggests that endurance running is a derived capability of the genus Homo, originating about 2 million years ago, and may have been instrumental in the evolution of the human body form.

0 comments Cited 463 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries.

J E Taunton (2002)

To provide an extensive and up to date database for specific running related injuries, across the sexes, as seen at a primary care sports medicine facility, and to assess the relative risk for individual injuries based on investigation of selected risk factors. Patient data were recorded by doctors at the Allan McGavin Sports Medicine Centre over a two year period. They included assessment of anthropometric, training, and biomechanical information. A model was constructed (with odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals) of possible contributing factors using a dependent variable of runners with a specific injury and comparing them with a control group of runners who experienced a different injury. Variables included in the model were: height, weight, body mass index, age, activity history, weekly activity, history of injury, and calibre of runner. Most of the study group were women (54%). Some injuries occurred with a significantly higher frequency in one sex. Being less than 34 years old was reported as a risk factor across the sexes for patellofemoral pain syndrome, and in men for iliotibial band friction syndrome, patellar tendinopathy, and tibial stress syndrome. Being active for less than 8.5 years was positively associated with injury in both sexes for tibial stress syndrome; and women with a body mass index less than 21 kg/m(2) were at a significantly higher risk for tibial stress fractures and spinal injuries. Patellofemoral pain syndrome was the most common injury, followed by iliotibial band friction syndrome, plantar fasciitis, meniscal injuries of the knee, and tibial stress syndrome. Although various risk factors were shown to be positively associated with a risk for, or protection from, specific injuries, future research should include a non-injured control group and a more precise measure of weekly running distance and running experience to validate these results.

0 comments Cited 313 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

What are the Main Running-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries?

Alexandre Lopes, Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior, Simon Yeung … (2012)

Background Musculoskeletal injuries occur frequently in runners and despite many studies about running injuries conducted over the past decades it is not clear in the literature what are the main running-related musculoskeletal injuries (RRMIs). Objective The aim of this study is to systematically review studies on the incidence and prevalence of the main specific RRMIs. Methods An electronic database search was conducted using EMBASE (1947 to October 2011), MEDLINE (1966 to October 2011), SPORTDiscus™ (1975 to October 2011), the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS) [1982 to October 2011] and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) [1998 to October 2011] with no limits of date or language of publication. Articles that described the incidence or prevalence rates of RRMIs were considered eligible. Studies that reported only the type of injury, anatomical region or incomplete data that precluded interpretation of the incidence or prevalence rates of RRMIs were excluded. We extracted data regarding bibliometric characteristics, study design, description of the population of runners, RRMI definition, how the data of RRMIs were collected and the name of each RRMI with their rates of incidence or prevalence. Separate analysis for ultra-marathoners was performed. Among 2924 potentially eligible titles, eight studies (pooled n = 3500 runners) were considered eligible for the review. In general, the articles had moderate risk of bias and only one fulfilled less than half of the quality criteria established. Results A total of 28 RRMIs were found and the main general RRMIs were medial tibial stress syndrome (incidence ranging from 13.6% to 20.0%; prevalence of 9.5%), Achilles tendinopathy (incidence ranging from 9.1% to 10.9%; prevalence ranging from 6.2% to 9.5%) and plantar fasciitis (incidence ranging from 4.5% to 10.0%; prevalence ranging from 5.2% to 17.5%). The main ultra-marathon RRMIs were Achilles tendinopathy (prevalence ranging from 2.0% to 18.5%) and patellofemoral syndrome (prevalence ranging from 7.4% to 15.6%). Conclusion This systematic review provides evidence that medial tibia stress syndrome, Achilles tendinopathy and plantar fasciitis were the main general RRMIs, while Achilles tendinopathy and patellofemoral syndrome were the most common RRMIs for runners who participated in ultra-marathon races.

0 comments Cited 187 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sports (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sports (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): sports

Title: Sports

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2075-4663

Publication date (Electronic): 15 March 2020

Publication date Collection: March 2020

Volume: 8

Issue: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: 35

Affiliations

[1 ]Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79070-900, Brazil

[2 ]All in Your Mind Training System™, Mérida, Yucatán 97134, Mexico; jonathan.esteve@ 123456allinyourmind.es

[3 ]Faculty of Health Sciences, Isabel I de Castilla International University, Burgos, 09003 Castilla y León, Spain; arturocasado1500@ 123456gmail.com

[4 ]Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil; leotartaruga@ 123456gmail.com (L.A.P.-T.); rodrigogomesdarosa@ 123456gmail.com (R.G.d.R.)

[5 ]Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, 28943 Madrid, Spain; juan.delcoso@ 123456urjc.es

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: daniel.boullosa@ 123456gmail.com ; Tel.: +55-619-8250-2545

Author information

Daniel Boullosa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8477-127X

Arturo Casado https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7668-6844

Leonardo A. Peyré-Tartaruga https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1742-5016

Rodrigo Gomes da Rosa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0282-8218

Juan Del Coso https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-984X

Article

Publisher ID: sports-08-00035

DOI: 10.3390/sports8030035

PMC ID: 7183043

PubMed ID: 32183425

SO-VID: 41172a3a-8be2-451a-b539-057e8d40304f

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Factors Affecting Training and Physical Performance in Recreational Endurance Runners

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

Academicus International Scientific Journal

Most cited references 143

Endurance running and the evolution of Homo.

A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries.

What are the Main Running-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries?

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Author information

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 310

Cited by 30

Most referenced authors 1,499