Microbial infection among SARS-COV-2-infected patients in a COVID-19-dedicated tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Objectives. This study aimed to determine patterns of respiratory, blood-borne and uropathogenic microbial pathogens among SARS-CoV-2-infected patients in a COVID-19-(coronavirus disease 2019) dedicated tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Design.This was a cross-sectional study.

Setting. In a COVID-19-dedicated tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, conducted from March to June 2021.

Participants. Hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 infection regardless of age or sex.

Primary and secondary outcome measures. The percentage of co-infected COVID-19 patients and the characterization of the micro-organisms responsible for co-infection served as the primary outcome measures. Finding any associations between co-infection and age, co-infection and sex and co-infection and comorbidity was the secondary outcome variable.

Interventions. Not applicable.

Results.Out of 79 patients, 61 % were male, and the mean age was 49.53 years. Co-infection was seen in 7.7 % of patients, out of which 5.1 % of isolates were from urine samples, followed by 2.6 % from blood. Bacteria isolated from urine were Enterococcus (2.6 %), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CONS) (1.3 %) and Enterobacter spp. (1.3 %). Pseudomonas spp. was the only organism isolated from blood sample. Mixed growth was found in nasopharyngeal and throat swabs, with the predominant species being Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. At the time of data collection, 55.7 % of patients had been given antimicrobials, and 30.4 % of patients had been given a single antimicrobial. HBsAg was positive in 1.3 % of patients and none were anti-hepatitis C or dengue NS1Ag positive.

Conclusion. Microbial infection has been seen to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and is of great value in prescribing antimicrobials and reducing fatal outcomes of hospitalized patients.

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Most cited references 27

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Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study

Nanshan Chen, Min Zhou, Xuan Dong … (2022)

Summary Background In December, 2019, a pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan, China. We aimed to further clarify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Methods In this retrospective, single-centre study, we included all confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital from Jan 1 to Jan 20, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and were analysed for epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and radiological features and laboratory data. Outcomes were followed up until Jan 25, 2020. Findings Of the 99 patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia, 49 (49%) had a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market. The average age of the patients was 55·5 years (SD 13·1), including 67 men and 32 women. 2019-nCoV was detected in all patients by real-time RT-PCR. 50 (51%) patients had chronic diseases. Patients had clinical manifestations of fever (82 [83%] patients), cough (81 [82%] patients), shortness of breath (31 [31%] patients), muscle ache (11 [11%] patients), confusion (nine [9%] patients), headache (eight [8%] patients), sore throat (five [5%] patients), rhinorrhoea (four [4%] patients), chest pain (two [2%] patients), diarrhoea (two [2%] patients), and nausea and vomiting (one [1%] patient). According to imaging examination, 74 (75%) patients showed bilateral pneumonia, 14 (14%) patients showed multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity, and one (1%) patient had pneumothorax. 17 (17%) patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and, among them, 11 (11%) patients worsened in a short period of time and died of multiple organ failure. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection was of clustering onset, is more likely to affect older males with comorbidities, and can result in severe and even fatal respiratory diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. In general, characteristics of patients who died were in line with the MuLBSTA score, an early warning model for predicting mortality in viral pneumonia. Further investigation is needed to explore the applicability of the MuLBSTA score in predicting the risk of mortality in 2019-nCoV infection. Funding National Key R&D Program of China.

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Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia

Qun Li, Xuhua Guan, Peng Wu … (2020)

Abstract Background The initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)–infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NCIP. Methods We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of laboratory-confirmed cases of NCIP that had been reported by January 22, 2020. We described characteristics of the cases and estimated the key epidemiologic time-delay distributions. In the early period of exponential growth, we estimated the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number. Results Among the first 425 patients with confirmed NCIP, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, as compared with 8.6% of the subsequent cases. The mean incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 7.0), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days. In its early stages, the epidemic doubled in size every 7.4 days. With a mean serial interval of 7.5 days (95% CI, 5.3 to 19), the basic reproductive number was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9). Conclusions On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others.)

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Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Louise Lansbury, Benjamin W.H. Lim, Vadsala Baskaran … (2020)

Highlights • SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID19 disease, has spread globally since late 2019 • Bacterial coinfections associated with mortality in previous influenza pandemics • Proportion of COVID19 patients with bacterial coinfection less than in flu pandemics • Higher proportion of critically-ill with bacterial coinfections than in mixed setting • Bacterial co-pathogen profiles different to those in influenza co-infections • Fungal coinfection diagnosis difficult so high level suspicion in critically-ill

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Author and article information

Contributors

A. N. M. Shamsul Islam

Nasreen Farhana:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0279-1726

Rafaat Choudhury

Naznin Akter Jahan

Mohammad Jamal Uddin

Md. Nazmul Hassan Refat

Fatima Nasreen

Fahmida Khanam

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Access Microbiol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Access Microbiol

Journal ID (hwp): acmi

Journal ID (publisher-id): acmi

Title: Access Microbiology

Publisher: Microbiology Society

ISSN (Electronic): 2516-8290

Publication date Collection: 2024

Publication date (Electronic): 20 August 2024

Volume: 6

Issue: 8

Electronic Location Identifier: 000727.v3

Affiliations

[1 ]departmentDepartment of Public Health and Hospital Administration , National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM) , Dhaka, Bangladesh

[2 ]departmentDepartment of Microbiology and Mycology , National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM) , Dhaka, Bangladesh

[3 ]departmentDepartment of Nutrition and Biochemistry , National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM) , Dhaka, Bangladesh

[4 ]departmentDepartment of Parasitology , National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM) , Dhaka, Bangladesh

Author notes

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

NasreenFarhana, nas.farhana19@ 123456gmail.com

Supplementary material: One supplementary table is available with the online version of this article.

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Nasreen Farhana http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0279-1726

Article

Publisher ID: 000727.v3

DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000727.v3

PMC ID: 11334578

PubMed ID: 39165251

SO-VID: 3de7a162-da66-4ce3-a659-59f7504e4b31

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

Microbial infection among SARS-COV-2-infected patients in a COVID-19-dedicated tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

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Access Microbiology

Most cited references 27

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study

Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia

Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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