Sustainable and safer nanoclay composites for multifaceted applications

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Abstract

Assorted nanoclay composites with sustainable, safer features and innovations are described for multifaceted applications.

Abstract

Nanoclays, 2D layered mineral silicates, have been used for centuries and have retained a prominent role in advancing materials science and technology. This class of materials has gained importance over other layered nanomaterials, owing to their abundance, low cost, diverse morphologies, and multiple chemical compositions, imparting them with exceptional physical and chemical properties. Polymer–clay nanocomposites possess exceptional attributes relative to neat polymers or their composite forms. Incorporating an adequate amount of clay content enhances crucial properties, such as tensile strength, modulus, thermal stability, elasticity, and heat deflection temperature, thereby extending their varied appliances. This review outlines the recent advancements in the performance of polymer-reinforced nanoclay composites, including their structures, chemical compositions, and emergent roles in various fields. The deployment and application of nanoclays in food packaging, water treatment, biomedical applications (tissue engineering, regenerative medicines, and therapeutic antibodies), catalysis, energy storage and conversions, and environmental remediation, among others, are critically appraised, including the emerging and latest applications of nanoclays in 3D printing. Finally, the latest advancements of nanoclay composites in terms of the present challenges and future possibilities for innovative applications are outlined.

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Double-slit photoelectron interference in strong-field ionization of the neon dimer

Maksim Kunitski, Nicolas Eicke, Pia Huber … (2019)

Wave-particle duality is an inherent peculiarity of the quantum world. The double-slit experiment has been frequently used for understanding different aspects of this fundamental concept. The occurrence of interference rests on the lack of which-way information and on the absence of decoherence mechanisms, which could scramble the wave fronts. Here, we report on the observation of two-center interference in the molecular-frame photoelectron momentum distribution upon ionization of the neon dimer by a strong laser field. Postselection of ions, which are measured in coincidence with electrons, allows choosing the symmetry of the residual ion, leading to observation of both, gerade and ungerade, types of interference.

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Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease

Valentina Cappello, Laura Marchetti, Paola Parlanti … (2016)

Krabbe disease (KD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the lack of β- galactosylceramidase enzymatic activity and by widespread accumulation of the cytotoxic galactosyl-sphingosine in neuronal, myelinating and endothelial cells. Despite the wide use of Twitcher mice as experimental model for KD, the ultrastructure of this model is partial and mainly addressing peripheral nerves. More details are requested to elucidate the basis of the motor defects, which are the first to appear during KD onset. Here we use transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to focus on the alterations produced by KD in the lower motor system at postnatal day 15 (P15), a nearly asymptomatic stage, and in the juvenile P30 mouse. We find mild effects on motorneuron soma, severe ones on sciatic nerves and very severe effects on nerve terminals and neuromuscular junctions at P30, with peripheral damage being already detectable at P15. Finally, we find that the gastrocnemius muscle undergoes atrophy and structural changes that are independent of denervation at P15. Our data further characterize the ultrastructural analysis of the KD mouse model, and support recent theories of a dying-back mechanism for neuronal degeneration, which is independent of demyelination.

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Electrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction: recent development and future perspectives

Yi-Jun Xu, Sung-Fu Hung, Quan Quan … (2017)

We review the fundamental aspects of metal oxides, metal chalcogenides and metal pnictides as effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. There is still an ongoing effort to search for sustainable, clean and highly efficient energy generation to satisfy the energy needs of modern society. Among various advanced technologies, electrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a key role and numerous new electrocatalysts have been developed to improve the efficiency of gas evolution. Along the way, enormous effort has been devoted to finding high-performance electrocatalysts, which has also stimulated the invention of new techniques to investigate the properties of materials or the fundamental mechanism of the OER. This accumulated knowledge not only establishes the foundation of the mechanism of the OER, but also points out the important criteria for a good electrocatalyst based on a variety of studies. Even though it may be difficult to include all cases, the aim of this review is to inspect the current progress and offer a comprehensive insight toward the OER. This review begins with examining the theoretical principles of electrode kinetics and some measurement criteria for achieving a fair evaluation among the catalysts. The second part of this review acquaints some materials for performing OER activity, in which the metal oxide materials build the basis of OER mechanism while non-oxide materials exhibit greatly promising performance toward overall water-splitting. Attention of this review is also paid to in situ approaches to electrocatalytic behavior during OER, and this information is crucial and can provide efficient strategies to design perfect electrocatalysts for OER. Finally, the OER mechanism from the perspective of both recent experimental and theoretical investigations is discussed, as well as probable strategies for improving OER performance with regards to future developments.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Vinod V. T. Padil: (View ORCID Profile)

Rafael Torres-Mendieta: (View ORCID Profile)

Stanisław Wacławek: (View ORCID Profile)

Rajender S. Varma: (View ORCID Profile)

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): GRCHFJ

Title: Green Chemistry

Abbreviated Title: Green Chem.

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

ISSN (Print): 1463-9262

ISSN (Electronic): 1463-9270

Publication date Created: April 19 2022

Publication date (Electronic): 2022

Volume: 24

Issue: 8

Pages: 3081-3114

Affiliations

[1 ]Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (C(I), Technical University of Liberec (TUL)), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1, 461 17, Czech Republic

[2 ]Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), India

[3 ]Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic

[4 ]Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, Karnataka 575025, India

[5 ]Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea

[6 ]Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt) and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany

[7 ]Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic

Article

DOI: 10.1039/D1GC03949K

SO-VID: 3bf922fb-8580-4569-ac17-85361637c51c

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http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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