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      Advances in pleural infection and malignancy

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          Abstract

          Pleural infection and malignancy are among the most common causes of pleural disease and form the mainstay of pleural practice. There has been significant research and increase in scientific understanding in these areas in the past decade. With regard to pleural infection, the rising incidence remains worrying. An increased awareness allowing earlier diagnosis, earlier escalation of therapy and the use of validated risk stratification measures may improve outcomes. In pleural malignancy, research has enabled clinicians to streamline patient pathways with focus on reducing time to diagnosis, definitive management of malignant pleural effusion and achieving these with the minimum number of pleural interventions. Trials comparing treatment modalities of malignant pleural effusion continue to highlight the importance of patient choice in clinical decision-making. This article aims to summarise some of the most recent literature informing current practice in these two areas.

          Abstract

          Pleural infection and malignancy are amongst the most common causes of pleural disease and form the mainstay of pleural practice. There has been significant increase in scientific understanding in these areas in the last decade. https://bit.ly/2zOV0KE

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          Most cited references124

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          Pembrolizumab versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1–Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

          Pembrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against programmed death 1 (PD-1) that has antitumor activity in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with increased activity in tumors that express programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1).
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            Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for previously untreated, PD-L1-expressing, locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-042): a randomised, open-label, controlled, phase 3 trial

            First-line pembrolizumab monotherapy improves overall and progression-free survival in patients with untreated metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer with a programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumour proportion score (TPS) of 50% or greater. We investigated overall survival after treatment with pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with a PD-L1 TPS of 1% or greater.
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              First-Line Nivolumab in Stage IV or Recurrent Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

              Nivolumab has been associated with longer overall survival than docetaxel among patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In an open-label phase 3 trial, we compared first-line nivolumab with chemotherapy in patients with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive NSCLC.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Eur Respir Rev
                Eur Respir Rev
                ERR
                errev
                European Respiratory Review
                European Respiratory Society
                0905-9180
                1600-0617
                31 March 2021
                13 January 2021
                : 30
                : 159
                : 200002
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Oxford Pleural Unit, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
                [2 ]Dept of Thoracic Oncology, Pleural Diseases and Interventional Pulmonology, North University Hospital, Marseille, France
                [3 ]NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
                [4 ]Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
                Author notes
                Philippe Astoul, Hôpital Nord, Chemin des Bourrely, 13015, Marseille, France. E-mail: pastoul@ 123456ap-hm.fr
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9196-3934
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3988-1792
                Article
                ERR-0002-2020
                10.1183/16000617.0002-2020
                9488125
                33650525
                3b8ea280-e752-4995-871e-97ba39e010c7
                Copyright ©ERS 2021.

                This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence 4.0.

                History
                : 2 January 2020
                : 12 June 2020
                Categories
                Series
                Interventional Pulmonology
                17

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