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      Born Again but Not Evangelical?

      Public Opinion Quarterly
      Oxford University Press (OUP)

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          Abstract

          Public opinion research often identifies evangelical Christians based on a double-barreled, yes-or-no, question asking respondents whether they are an evangelical or born-again Christian. This paper uses a survey experiment to demonstrate the implications of this measurement strategy. Among White Americans, more than one-third of those whom researchers classify as evangelical using the standard double-barreled question actually eschew the evangelical label; the same is true for just under two-thirds of African Americans. Additionally, these born-again non-evangelical Christians hold less conservative political outlooks compared to the self-identified evangelicals with whom they are grouped, and, in fact, oftentimes more closely resemble those who reject both the evangelical and born-again labels. Despite this, the double-barreled identification question produces a White “evangelical or born-again” group that looks politically similar to a composite “evangelical” or “born-again” group based on two questions asking about each identity separately. Finally, important differences appear across race, suggesting that religious and political histories affect how people interpret and respond to double-barreled questions.

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          Most cited references51

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          Research Synthesis: The Practice of Cognitive Interviewing

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            Why More Americans Have No Religious Preference: Politics and Generations

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              The Measure of American Religion: Toward Improving the State of the Art

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Public Opinion Quarterly
                Oxford University Press (OUP)
                0033-362X
                1537-5331
                September 01 2022
                September 29 2022
                September 15 2022
                September 01 2022
                September 29 2022
                September 15 2022
                : 86
                : 3
                : 621-642
                Article
                10.1093/poq/nfac035
                3aa50c25-b88b-4f0d-9ab4-e7326836d150
                © 2022

                https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model

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