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      Wuhan 3 years after the outbreak of the pandemic—cardiological insights and perspectives Translated title: Wuhan 3 Jahre nach Ausbruch der Pandemie – kardiologische Erkenntnisse und Perspektiven

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          Abstract

          In November 2019, Wuhan, a city in Central China, became the center of an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause, which was later named “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19). COVID-19 is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The emergence of novel SARS-CoV‑2 strains and mutations exerted a serious global public health threat. Although various vaccines have been developed, specific anti-SARS-CoV‑2 drugs are limited. As cardiologists, we believe that because SARS-CoV‑2 can bind to the angiotensin 2 receptor on the surface of cardiomyocytes, it may also lead to cardiac injury. COVID-19-associated cardiac injury is not rare in clinical practice, and most of these cases are mild, while a few might progress to fulminant myocarditis (FM). Overactivated immune response and inflammatory storm represent the core pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated FM. Early identification and diagnosis of COVID-19-associated FM are critical for its treatment. Recently, Wuhan was hit by the Omicron variant again. We proposed managing COVID-19-associated cardiac injury according to the severity, which has had a significant effect on outcome.

          Translated abstract

          Im November 2019 wurde Wuhan, eine Stadt in Zentralchina, zum Zentrum eines Ausbruchs von Pneumonien unbekannter Ursache, die später COVID-19 („coronavirus disease 2019“) genannt wurde. COVID-19 wird durch eine Infektion mit dem neuen, ein schweres akutes Atemnotsyndrom verursachenden Coronavirus 2 („severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2“, SARS-CoV-2) verursacht. Das Aufkommen neuartiger SARS-CoV-2-Stämme und -Mutationen stellte eine ernsthafte weltweite Bedrohung der öffentlichen Gesundheit dar. Es wurden zwar verschiedene Impfstoffe entwickelt, doch spezifische Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Medikamente sind nur begrenzt vorhanden. Als Kardiologen sind die Autoren der Ansicht, dass SARS-CoV‑2 – weil es an den Angiotensin-2-Rezeptor auf der Oberfläche von Kardiomyozyten binden kann – möglicherweise auch zu kardialen Läsionen führt. COVID-19-assoziierte kardiale Läsionen sind im klinischen Alltag nicht selten, und die meisten dieser Fälle sind von mittlerer Schwere, jedoch könnten einige wenige zu einer fulminanten Myokarditis (FM) fortschreiten. Eine überaktivierte Immunantwort und ein inflammatorischer Sturm stellen die Kernbestandteile der Pathogenese einer COVID-19-assoziierten FM dar. Die frühzeitige Erkennung und Diagnose einer COVID-19-assoziierten FM sind für ihre Behandlung entscheidend. Vor Kurzem gab es in Wuhan erneut einen Ausbruch der Omikron-Variante. Die Autoren schlugen vor, die COVID-19-assoziierten kardialen Läsionen nach ihrer Schwere zu behandeln, was einen signifikanten Effekt auf das Ergebnis hatte

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          Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

          Summary Background A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. Methods All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. Findings By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Funding Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
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            Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2

            Summary A novel SARS-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) recently emerged and is rapidly spreading in humans 1,2 . A key to tackling this epidemic is to understand the virus’s receptor recognition mechanism, which regulates its infectivity, pathogenesis and host range. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV recognize the same receptor - human ACE2 (hACE2) 3,4 . Here we determined the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) (engineered to facilitate crystallization) in complex of hACE2. Compared with SARS-CoV RBD, a hACE2-binding ridge in SARS-CoV-2 RBD takes a more compact conformation; moreover, several residue changes in SARS-CoV-2 RBD stabilize two virus-binding hotspots at the RBD/hACE2 interface. These structural features of SARS-CoV-2 RBD enhance its hACE2-binding affinity. Additionally, we showed that RaTG13, a bat coronavirus closely related to SARS-CoV-2, also uses hACE2 as its receptor. The differences among SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and RaTG13 in hACE2 recognition shed light on potential animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This study provides guidance for intervention strategies targeting receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2.
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              Is Open Access

              Pathogenic T cells and inflammatory monocytes incite inflammatory storm in severe COVID-19 patients

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                dwwang@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn
                Journal
                Herz
                Herz
                Herz
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                0340-9937
                1615-6692
                27 April 2023
                : 1-7
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.33199.31, ISNI 0000 0004 0368 7223, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, , Huazhong University of Science and Technology, ; 1095# Jiefang Ave., 430030 Wuhan, China
                Article
                5176
                10.1007/s00059-023-05176-4
                10136403
                37106075
                35675e98-8586-4751-9bad-61b4161e7799
                © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2023

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                : 13 March 2023
                Categories
                Main Topic

                covid-19,sars-cov‑2,cardiac injury,myocarditis,angiotensin 2 receptor,herzbeteiligung,myokarditis,angiotensin-2-rezeptor

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