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      COVID-19: time to flatten the infodemic curve

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          Abstract

          Thousands of articles have been published regarding the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Most of them are not original research articles but reviews and editorials, and therefore, the absence of evidence-based guidelines has been evident. In parallel, the quality of manuscripts is questionable since the number of preprints has increased due to the need of fast publication of COVID-19-related articles. Furthermore, the number of retracted articles during the pandemic is exceptionally high. Media have an important role in the distribution of incorrect information, nevertheless individual people and policy makers are also responsible. As misinformation thrives in crisis periods, well-designed studies are needed to flatten the infodemic curve regarding prevention, diagnosis, and long-term complications of COVID-19.

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          Most cited references17

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          The spread of true and false news online

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            Is Open Access

            Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: Experimental Evidence for a Scalable Accuracy-Nudge Intervention

            Across two studies with more than 1,700 U.S. adults recruited online, we present evidence that people share false claims about COVID-19 partly because they simply fail to think sufficiently about whether or not the content is accurate when deciding what to share. In Study 1, participants were far worse at discerning between true and false content when deciding what they would share on social media relative to when they were asked directly about accuracy. Furthermore, greater cognitive reflection and science knowledge were associated with stronger discernment. In Study 2, we found that a simple accuracy reminder at the beginning of the study (i.e., judging the accuracy of a non-COVID-19-related headline) nearly tripled the level of truth discernment in participants’ subsequent sharing intentions. Our results, which mirror those found previously for political fake news, suggest that nudging people to think about accuracy is a simple way to improve choices about what to share on social media.
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              Stigma in the HIV/AIDS epidemic: a review of the literature and recommendations for the way forward.

              Although stigma is considered a major barrier to effective responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, stigma reduction efforts are relegated to the bottom of AIDS programme priorities. The complexity of HIV/AIDS-related stigma is often cited as a primary reason for the limited response to this pervasive phenomenon. In this paper, we systematically review the scientific literature on HIV/AIDS-related stigma to document the current state of research, identify gaps in the available evidence and highlight promising strategies to address stigma. We focus on the following key challenges: defining, measuring and reducing HIV/AIDS-related stigma as well as assessing the impact of stigma on the effectiveness of HIV prevention and treatment programmes. Based on the literature, we conclude by offering a set of recommendations that may represent important next steps in a multifaceted response to stigma in the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                mariagabria@gmail.com
                Journal
                Clin Exp Med
                Clin Exp Med
                Clinical and Experimental Medicine
                Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                1591-8890
                1591-9528
                8 January 2021
                : 1-5
                Affiliations
                [1 ]First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
                [2 ]GRID grid.5216.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2155 0800, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, ; 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece
                [3 ]GRID grid.261331.4, ISNI 0000 0001 2285 7943, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, , The Ohio State University, ; James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5897-472X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-9783
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0736-4942
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3676-9263
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-1229
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-3254
                Article
                680
                10.1007/s10238-020-00680-x
                7790724
                33417084
                34ed2498-604a-439c-9b5e-e8bcf66696eb
                © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG part of Springer Nature 2021

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                : 20 November 2020
                : 15 December 2020
                Categories
                Review Article

                Medicine
                covid-19,sars-cov-2,misinformation,infodemic,social media
                Medicine
                covid-19, sars-cov-2, misinformation, infodemic, social media

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