Cell wall associated immunity in plants

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Abstract

The plant cell wall is the first physical and defensive barrier against pathogens. The plant cell wall usually undergoes dynamic remodeling as an immune response to prevent infection by pathogens. In this review, we summarize advances on relationship between cell wall and immunity in plants. In particular, we outline current progresses regarding the regulation of the cell wall components, including cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and lignin, on plant disease resistance. We also discuss the impacts of cell wall-derived cellodextrin, oligogalacturonic acid and xyloglucan/xylan oligosaccharides as potent elicitors or signal molecules to trigger plant immune response. We further propose future studies on dissecting the molecular regulation of cell wall on plant immunity, which have potentials in practical application of crop breeding aiming at improvement of plant disease resistance.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44154-021-00003-4.

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Most cited references 179

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The plant immune system.

Jonathan Jones, Jeffery Dangl (2006)

Many plant-associated microbes are pathogens that impair plant growth and reproduction. Plants respond to infection using a two-branched innate immune system. The first branch recognizes and responds to molecules common to many classes of microbes, including non-pathogens. The second responds to pathogen virulence factors, either directly or through their effects on host targets. These plant immune systems, and the pathogen molecules to which they respond, provide extraordinary insights into molecular recognition, cell biology and evolution across biological kingdoms. A detailed understanding of plant immune function will underpin crop improvement for food, fibre and biofuels production.

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Hemicelluloses.

Henrik Scheller, Peter Ulvskov (2010)

Hemicelluloses are polysaccharides in plant cell walls that have beta-(1-->4)-linked backbones with an equatorial configuration. Hemicelluloses include xyloglucans, xylans, mannans and glucomannans, and beta-(1-->3,1-->4)-glucans. These types of hemicelluloses are present in the cell walls of all terrestrial plants, except for beta-(1-->3,1-->4)-glucans, which are restricted to Poales and a few other groups. The detailed structure of the hemicelluloses and their abundance vary widely between different species and cell types. The most important biological role of hemicelluloses is their contribution to strengthening the cell wall by interaction with cellulose and, in some walls, with lignin. These features are discussed in relation to widely accepted models of the primary wall. Hemicelluloses are synthesized by glycosyltransferases located in the Golgi membranes. Many glycosyltransferases needed for biosynthesis of xyloglucans and mannans are known. In contrast, the biosynthesis of xylans and beta-(1-->3,1-->4)-glucans remains very elusive, and recent studies have led to more questions than answers.

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Peptidoglycan structure and architecture.

Waldemar Vollmer, Didier Blanot, Miguel de Pedro (2008)

The peptidoglycan (murein) sacculus is a unique and essential structural element in the cell wall of most bacteria. Made of glycan strands cross-linked by short peptides, the sacculus forms a closed, bag-shaped structure surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane. There is a high diversity in the composition and sequence of the peptides in the peptidoglycan from different species. Furthermore, in several species examined, the fine structure of the peptidoglycan significantly varies with the growth conditions. Limited number of biophysical data on the thickness, elasticity and porosity of peptidoglycan are available. The different models for the architecture of peptidoglycan are discussed with respect to structural and physical parameters.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Xuewei Chen: xwchen88@163.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Stress Biol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Stress Biol

Title: Stress Biology

Publisher: Springer Singapore (Singapore )

ISSN (Electronic): 2731-0450

Publication date (Electronic): 18 August 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 18 August 2021

Publication date Collection: December 2021

Volume: 1

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 3

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.80510.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0185 3134, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, ; Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China

[2 ]GRID grid.464385.8, ISNI 0000 0004 1804 2321, Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, , Mianyang Normal University, ; Mianyang, 621000 Sichuan China

Article

Publisher ID: 3

DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00003-4

PMC ID: 10429498

PubMed ID: 37676546

SO-VID: 3423dc00-75d4-4451-a5d5-c4ed5428a453

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 30 April 2021

Date accepted : 13 July 2021

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: 31825022

Award ID: 31772153

Award ID: 32001523

Award ID: 31871920

Award Recipient : Jiangxue Wan Min He Xuewei Chen

Funded by: Key Research and Development Program from Sichuan Province

Award ID: 2018JZ0072

Award Recipient : Xuewei Chen

Funded by: International Cooperation and Exchange Program of Sichuan Science and Technology Department

Award ID: 2020YFH0137

Award Recipient : Min He

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Keywords: cell wall,oligosaccharides,elicitor,plant immunity,disease resistance

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Keywords: cell wall, oligosaccharides, elicitor, plant immunity, disease resistance

Cell wall associated immunity in plants

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Supplementary Information

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Gamma Delta T cells

Most cited references 179

The plant immune system.

Hemicelluloses.

Peptidoglycan structure and architecture.

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