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      Citrullus colocynthis as the Cause of Acute Rectorrhagia

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Introduction. Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. is a commonly used medicinal plant especially as a hypoglycemic agent. Case Presentation. Four patients with colocynth intoxication are presented. The main clinical feature was acute rectorrhagia preceeded by mucosal diarrhea with tenesmus, which gradually progressed to bloody diarrhea and overt rectorrhagia within 3 to 4 hours. The only colonoscopic observation was mucosal erosion which was completely resolved in follow-up colonoscopy after 14 days. Conclusion. The membranolytic activity of some C. colocynthis ingredients is responsible for the intestinal damage. Patients and herbalists should be acquainted with the proper use and side effects of the herb. Clinicians should also be aware of C. colocynthis as a probable cause of lower GI bleeding in patients with no other suggestive history, especially diabetics.

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          Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes, cardiac and renal diseases in the North centre region of Morocco (Fez-Boulemane).

          H Jouad, M Haloui, H Rhiouani … (2001)
          In order to make an inventory of herbal remedies commonly used in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension and renal diseases in the North centre region of Morocco, 1527 patients (1095 diabetic patients, 274 with renal disorders and 158 with cardiac disorders) and 25 traditional herbal healers were interviewed in four different areas of Fez-Boulemane region. More than 1153 of the total patients interviewed (76%) used regularly medicinal plants to treat diabetes, cardiac and renal diseases. These data showed that phytotherapy has always be practiced in this region. All the persons interviewed have indicated that the reasons of using phytotherapy is that the plant medicines are cheapest (54%) and more efficient (38%) than modern medicine. They also reported that the result of phytotherapy is better (72%). Our survey started at May 1997. About 90 plants were cited (54 plants for diabetes, 11 for cardiac diseases, 19 for hypertension and 33 for renal diseases). The plants reported have been identified and are presented in a table with the vernacular name, useful parts, ecological distribution and medicinal uses. Only 12% of the total patients have a relative knowledge of the toxic plants. The result indicated that nine plants are extremely toxic at high doses and chronic treatment. Fifty nine percent of the interviewers have indicated that they used medicinal plants from the experience of the other.
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            Screening of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Citrullus colocynthis from southern Tunisia.

            Belsem Marzouk, Zohra Marzouk, Ehsen Haloui … (2010)
            Inflammations and immune-related diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis are growing global concerns. Most of the drugs from plants which have become important in modern medicine had a folklore origin and are traditional in systems of medicine. Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. (cucurbitaceae), endemic in Southern Tunisia, is used in folk medicine to treat many inflammation diseases. To evaluate the acute toxicity of different parts of Citrullus colocynthis and then to screen the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extracts from roots and stems of the plant and from fruits and seeds at different maturation stages. After identification and acute toxicity assay Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. aqueous extracts were screened for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities using, respectively, the acetic acid writhing test in mice and the carrageenan-induced paw edema assay in rats. All extracts displayed analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities at different doses without inducing acute toxicity. Topic results were obtained with immature fruits followed by seeds. The stem and root extracts were shown to possess the less significant inhibitory activity against analgesic and anti-inflammatory models. Based on this study, we confirmed that Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. is a potentially useful drug suitable for further evaluation for rheumatoid arthritis, and its folk medicinal use as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents is validated. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              A review on Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.: from traditional Iranian medicine to modern phytotherapy.

              Roja Rahimi, Mohammad Reza Shams Ardekani, Gholamreza Amin (2012)
              Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. is an annual plant that grows in the south, center, and east areas of Iran. It is recognized by different pharmacologic activities in traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) (i.e., purgative, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, analgesic, hair growth-promoting, abortifacient, and antiepileptic. Some of these activities were confirmed in modern phytotherapy. Adverse events such as colic, diarrhea, hematochezia, nephrosis, and vomiting and narrow therapeutic index cause herbalists to use this plant cautiously. If some points about this plant in TIM are considered, it may be possible to produce more tolerable preparations from this plant. In this article, all aspects of this plant in TIM are reviewed; also, the medicinal properties declared for this plant in TIM are compared with those showed in modern phytotherapy. In addition, opinions of TIM and modern phytotherapy about safety and acceptable dosage of this plant are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Case Rep Emerg Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Case Rep Emerg Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CRIM.EM
                Title: Case Reports in Emergency Medicine
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 2090-648X
                ISSN (Electronic): 2090-6498
                Publication date (Print): 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 May 2013
                Volume: 2013
                Electronic Location Identifier: 652192
                Affiliations
                1Emergency Medicine Department, Baghiyatallah Hospital, Baghiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Mulla Sadra, Vanak, Tehran 14758 15943, Iran
                2Community and Preventive Medicine Department, Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran
                3Gastroenterology Department, Bagheyatallah Medical Student University, Iran
                Author notes

                Academic Editors: L. Bojić and K. Imanaka

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3464-7414
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2013/652192
                PMC ID: 3683433
                PubMed ID: 23819072
                SO-VID: 3397f35a-c2a8-4c68-953b-26c9e3c93a2a
                Copyright © Copyright © 2013 Hamid Reza Javadzadeh et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 2 April 2013
                Date accepted : 2 May 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Emergency medicine & Trauma
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Emergency medicine & Trauma

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