Redox‐active cysteines in TGACG‐BINDING FACTOR 1 (TGA1) do not play a role in salicylic acid or pathogen‐induced expression of TGA1‐regulated target genes in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Abstract
<p class="first" id="d1560525e83">Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling molecule
of the plant immune system.
In Arabidopsis thaliana, SA biosynthesis is indirectly modulated by the closely related
transcription factors TGACG-BINDING FACTOR 1 and 4 (TGA1 and TGA4, respectively).
They activate expression of SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT1, the gene product
of which regulates the key SA biosynthesis gene ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1. Since TGA1
interacts with the SA receptor NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1)
in a redox-dependent manner and since the redox state of TGA1 is altered in SA-treated
plants, TGA1 was assumed to play a role in the NPR1-dependent signaling cascade. Here,
we identified 193 out of 2090 SA-induced genes that require TGA1/TGA4 for maximal
expression after SA treatment. One robustly TGA1/TGA4-dependent gene encodes for the
SA hydroxylase DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANT 6-LIKE OXYGENASE 1, suggesting an additional
regulatory role of TGA1/TGA4 in SA catabolism. Expression of TGA1/TGA4-dependent genes
in mock/SA-treated or Pseudomonas-infected plants was rescued in the tga1 tga4 double
mutant after introduction of a mutant genomic TGA1 fragment encoding a TGA1 protein
without any cysteines. Thus, the functional significance of the observed redox modification
of TGA1 in SA-treated tissues remains enigmatic.
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