Nanogenerator for determination of acoustic power in ultrasonic reactors

Graphical abstract

Highlights

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  Sonochemical synthesis and high pressure processing used for nanogenerator fabrication.

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  Two simple, and convergent methods of evaluation of acoustic power in liquid proposed.

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  Nanodevice response best fitted with the theoretical dependence in the first method.

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  The second technique based on Fast Fourier Transform analysis.

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  The rapid measurement enables real time monitoring of ultrasonic reactor operation.

Abstract

This paper presents the novel use of a sonochemical reaction product as a sensing material in self-powered ultrasonic reactor devices for determination of ultrasound parameters. A piezoelectric nanogenerator was fabricated via sonochemical synthesis of SbSeI nanowires compressed into a bulk sample. The prepared device was used to develop two fast and simple evaluation methods for acoustic power in liquid. A calibration procedure was carried out for both methods using a VCX-750 ultrasonic processor. The ultrasound acoustic power was varied within a 150 W to 750 W range and the corresponding nanogenerator electrical responses were measured. The voltage signals of the first method fit the best with theoretical dependence. The second technique was based on the application of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the measured electric output. The results of these two approaches were convergent. Acoustic power values of 255(8) W and 222(7) W were determined for the Sonic-6 reactor using theoretical dependence fitting to experimental data and FFT analysis, respectively. Developed sensing technology possesses great potential for sonochemistry applications.