- Record: found
- Abstract: found
- Article: found
Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
research-article
Author(s):
COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative
Benjamin M. Neale:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-6077
bneale@broadinstitute.org
Mark Daly: mark.daly@helsinki.fi
Andrea Ganna: andrea.ganna@helsinki.fi
4
Publication date (Electronic):
8 July 2021
Journal:
Nature
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group UK
Read this article at
There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.
Abstract
The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-19 1, 2 , host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases 3– 7 . They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease.
Abstract
A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.
Related collections
Most cited references52
- Record: found
- Abstract: found
- Article: not found
Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study
Fei Zhou, Ting Yu, Ronghui Du … (2020)
Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p<0·0001), and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL (18·42, 2·64–128·55; p=0·0033) on admission. Median duration of viral shedding was 20·0 days (IQR 17·0–24·0) in survivors, but SARS-CoV-2 was detectable until death in non-survivors. The longest observed duration of viral shedding in survivors was 37 days. Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.
- Record: found
- Abstract: found
- Article: not found
PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses.
Shaun Purcell, Benjamin M. Neale, Kathe Todd-Brown … (2007)
Whole-genome association studies (WGAS) bring new computational, as well as analytic, challenges to researchers. Many existing genetic-analysis tools are not designed to handle such large data sets in a convenient manner and do not necessarily exploit the new opportunities that whole-genome data bring. To address these issues, we developed PLINK, an open-source C/C++ WGAS tool set. With PLINK, large data sets comprising hundreds of thousands of markers genotyped for thousands of individuals can be rapidly manipulated and analyzed in their entirety. As well as providing tools to make the basic analytic steps computationally efficient, PLINK also supports some novel approaches to whole-genome data that take advantage of whole-genome coverage. We introduce PLINK and describe the five main domains of function: data management, summary statistics, population stratification, association analysis, and identity-by-descent estimation. In particular, we focus on the estimation and use of identity-by-state and identity-by-descent information in the context of population-based whole-genome studies. This information can be used to detect and correct for population stratification and to identify extended chromosomal segments that are shared identical by descent between very distantly related individuals. Analysis of the patterns of segmental sharing has the potential to map disease loci that contain multiple rare variants in a population-based linkage analysis.
- Record: found
- Abstract: found
- Article: found
The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans
Genetic variants that inactivate protein-coding genes are a powerful source of information about the phenotypic consequences of gene disruption: genes that are crucial for the function of an organism will be depleted of such variants in natural populations, whereas non-essential genes will tolerate their accumulation. However, predicted loss-of-function variants are enriched for annotation errors, and tend to be found at extremely low frequencies, so their analysis requires careful variant annotation and very large sample sizes 1 . Here we describe the aggregation of 125,748 exomes and 15,708 genomes from human sequencing studies into the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). We identify 443,769 high-confidence predicted loss-of-function variants in this cohort after filtering for artefacts caused by sequencing and annotation errors. Using an improved model of human mutation rates, we classify human protein-coding genes along a spectrum that represents tolerance to inactivation, validate this classification using data from model organisms and engineered human cells, and show that it can be used to improve the power of gene discovery for both common and rare diseases.
Author and article information
Journal
Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nature
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nature
Title:
Nature
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group UK
(London
)
ISSN
(Print):
0028-0836
ISSN
(Electronic):
1476-4687
Publication date
(Electronic):
8
July
2021
Publication date PMC-release: 8
July
2021
Publication date
(Print):
2021
Volume: 600
Issue: 7889
Pages: 472-477
Affiliations
[1
]GRID grid.452494.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0409 5350, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, ; Helsinki, Finland
[3
]GRID grid.32224.35, ISNI 0000 0004 0386 9924, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, ; Boston, MA USA
[4
]GRID grid.66859.34, Massachusetts General Hospital, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, ; Cambridge, MA USA
[7
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA
[8
]GRID grid.413396.a, ISNI 0000 0004 1768 8905, Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB
Sant Pau), Sant Pau Hospital, Inmungen-CoV2, ; Barcelona, Spain
[9
]GRID grid.4567.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0483 2525, Institute of Virology, Technical University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München,
; Munich, Germany
[10
]GRID grid.5252.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 973X, Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, Medical Center of the University
of Munich, ; Munich, Germany
[11
]GRID grid.5252.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 973X, Department of Psychiatry, , Medical Center of the University of Munich, ; Munich, Germany
[12
]GRID grid.419504.d, ISNI 0000 0004 1760 0109, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, ; Genova, Italy
[13
]GRID grid.5606.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2151 3065, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and
Child Health, , University of Genova, ; Genova, Italy
[16
]GRID grid.484519.5, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, , Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[17
]GRID grid.14709.3b, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8649, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, ; Quebec, Canada
[18
]GRID grid.264381.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School
of Medicine, ; Suwon, Republic of Korea
[19
]GRID grid.136593.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0373 3971, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, ; Osaka, Japan
[21
]GRID grid.510259.a, ISNI 0000 0004 5950 6858, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, ; Dubai, United Arab Emirates
[22
]GRID grid.5337.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7603, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, ; Bristol, UK
[23
]GRID grid.412590.b, ISNI 0000 0000 9081 2336, Department of Internal Medicine, , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Michigan Medicine, ; Ann Arbor, MI USA
[24
]GRID grid.214458.e, ISNI 0000000086837370, Department of Human Genetics, , University of Michigan Medical School, ; Ann Arbor, MI USA
[25
]GRID grid.214458.e, ISNI 0000000086837370, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, , University of Michigan Medical School, ; Ann Arbor, MI USA
[26
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA
[29
]GRID grid.66859.34, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, ; Cambridge, MA USA
[32
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, ; Los Angeles, CA USA
[35
]GRID grid.1003.2, ISNI 0000 0000 9320 7537, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, ; Queensland, Australia
[38
]GRID grid.10306.34, ISNI 0000 0004 0606 5382, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, ; Hinxton, UK
[40
]European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI),
Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
[42
]GRID grid.48324.39, ISNI 0000000122482838, Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, ; Bialystok, Poland
[44
]GRID grid.412807.8, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9916, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, ; Nashville, TN USA
[45
]GRID grid.266102.1, ISNI 0000 0001 2297 6811, University of California San Francisco, ; San Francisco, CA USA
[49
]GRID grid.66859.34, Boston Children’s Hospital, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, ; Cambridge, MA USA
[50
]GRID grid.4868.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2171 1133, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, ; London, UK
[51
]GRID grid.4494.d, ISNI 0000 0000 9558 4598, Department of Genetics, , University Medical Centre Groningen, ; Groningen, The Netherlands
[52
]GRID grid.7692.a, ISNI 0000000090126352, Department of Genetics, , University Medical Centre Utrecht, ; Utrecht, The Netherlands
[53
]GRID grid.14709.3b, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8649, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, , McGill University, Montreal, ; Quebec, Canada
[55
]GRID grid.13097.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 2322 6764, Department of Twin Research, , King’s College London, ; London, UK
[56
]GRID grid.14709.3b, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8649, Department of Human Genetics, , McGill University, ; Montreal, Quebec Canada
[57
]GRID grid.258799.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0372 2033, Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Graduate School
of Medicine, Kyoto University, ; Kyoto, Japan
[59
]GRID grid.94365.3d, ISNI 0000 0001 2297 5165, National Institutes of Health, ; Bethesda, MD USA
[60
]GRID grid.4305.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7988, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, ; Edinburgh, UK
[61
]GRID grid.418716.d, ISNI 0000 0001 0709 1919, Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, ; Edinburgh, UK
[62
]GRID grid.417068.c, ISNI 0000 0004 0624 9907, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University
of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, ; Edinburgh, UK
[63
]GRID grid.9024.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 4641, Medical Genetics, University of Siena, ; Siena, Italy
[64
]GRID grid.411477.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1759 0844, Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, ; Siena, Italy
[65
]GRID grid.9024.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 4641, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University
of Siena, ; Siena, Italy
[66
]GRID grid.4643.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0327, Department of Electronics, , Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, ; Milano, Italy
[69
]GRID grid.152326.1, ISNI 0000 0001 2264 7217, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, ; Nashville, TN USA
[73
]GRID grid.225360.0, ISNI 0000 0000 9709 7726, EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, ; Hinxton, UK
[78
]GRID grid.4817.a, Ecole Centrale de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie,
Nantes University, UMR1064, ITUN, ; Nantes, France
[80
]GRID grid.418818.c, ISNI 0000 0001 0516 2170, Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar
Foundation, ; Doha, Qatar
[82
]GRID grid.66859.34, Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute
of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, ; Cambridge, MA USA
[83
]GRID grid.32224.35, ISNI 0000 0004 0386 9924, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, ; Boston, MA USA
[84
]GRID grid.411083.f, ISNI 0000 0001 0675 8654, Intensive Care Unit, Vall d’Hebron Hospital, ; Barcelona, Spain
[86
]Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED),
València, Spain
[87
]GRID grid.476458.c, Unidad Mixta de Neurología y Genética, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe,
; València, Spain
[93
]GRID grid.5603.0, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, ; Greifswald, Germany
[94
]GRID grid.48324.39, ISNI 0000000122482838, Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, , Medical University of Bialystok, ; Bialystok, Poland
[97
]GRID grid.443909.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0385 4466, Human Genetics Program of ICBM and Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology, University
of Chile, ; Santiago, Chile
[100
]GRID grid.497559.3, Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra
(CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, ; Pamplona, Spain
[101
]GRID grid.13097.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 2322 6764, Mucosal & Salivary Biology Division, King’s College London Dental Institute, ; London, UK
[102
]GRID grid.4489.1, ISNI 0000000121678994, GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer, University of Granada,
Andalusian Regional Government, ; Granada, Spain
[103
]GRID grid.267033.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0462 1680, University of Puerto Rico, ; San Juan, Puerto Rico
[104
]GRID grid.512574.0, National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO), Advanced Genomics Unit,
CINVESTAV, ; Irapuato, Mexico
[105
]GRID grid.1024.7, ISNI 0000000089150953, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, ; Queensland, Australia
[106
]GRID grid.457337.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0564 0509, Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, CNRST,
; Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
[108
]GRID grid.14848.31, ISNI 0000 0001 2292 3357, Université de Montréal, Montreal, ; Quebec, Canada
[109
]GRID grid.4989.c, ISNI 0000 0001 2348 0746, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) & Centre de Génétique Humaine, Hôpital Erasme,
Université Libre de Bruxelles, ; Brussels, Belgium
[112
]GRID grid.9679.1, ISNI 0000 0001 0663 9479, University of Pecs Medical School, ; Pécs, Hungary
[113
]GRID grid.1374.1, ISNI 0000 0001 2097 1371, Institute of Biomedicine and Cancer Research Laboratories, Western Cancer Centre FICAN
West, University of Turku, ; Turku, Finland
[114
]GRID grid.429135.8, ISNI 0000 0004 1756 2536, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, ; Segrate, Italy
[119
]GRID grid.4830.f, ISNI 0000 0004 0407 1981, University of Groningen, ; Groningen, The Netherlands
[122
]GRID grid.12380.38, ISNI 0000 0004 1754 9227, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[123
]GRID grid.4494.d, ISNI 0000 0000 9558 4598, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, ; Groningen, The Netherlands
[125
]GRID grid.64212.33, ISNI 0000 0004 0463 2320, Institute for Systems Biology, ; Seattle, WA USA
[126
]GRID grid.444506.7, ISNI 0000 0000 9272 6490, Sultan Idris Education University, ; Tanjung Malim, Malaysia
[132
]GRID grid.16753.36, ISNI 0000 0001 2299 3507, Department of Pharmacology, , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, ; Chicago, IL USA
[133
]GRID grid.16753.36, ISNI 0000 0001 2299 3507, Department of Medicine, , Northwestern University, ; Chicago, IL USA
[134
]GRID grid.413721.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0419 317X, Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hospital Medicine, ; Washington, DC USA
[135
]GRID grid.253615.6, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9510, Department of Medicine, , George Washington University, ; Washington, DC USA
[136
]GRID grid.170205.1, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7822, Section of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, , University of Chicago, ; Chicago, IL USA
[137
]GRID grid.170205.1, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7822, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, , University of Chicago, ; Chicago, IL USA
[138
]GRID grid.185648.6, ISNI 0000 0001 2175 0319, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, ; Chicago, IL USA
[144
]GRID grid.253615.6, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9510, Department of Pharmacology, , George Washington University, ; Washington, DC USA
[148
]GRID grid.484519.5, Department of Neurology, , Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[149
]GRID grid.509540.d, ISNI 0000 0004 6880 3010, Department of Intensive Care, , Amsterdam UMC, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[150
]GRID grid.509540.d, ISNI 0000 0004 6880 3010, Department of Infectious Diseases, , Amsterdam UMC, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[151
]GRID grid.509540.d, ISNI 0000 0004 6880 3010, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, , Amsterdam UMC, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[152
]GRID grid.509540.d, ISNI 0000 0004 6880 3010, Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[153
]GRID grid.509540.d, ISNI 0000 0004 6880 3010, Department of Pulmonology, , Amsterdam UMC, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[154
]GRID grid.509540.d, ISNI 0000 0004 6880 3010, Department of Pathology, , Amsterdam UMC, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[155
]GRID grid.509540.d, ISNI 0000 0004 6880 3010, Department of Anesthesiology, , Amsterdam UMC, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[156
]GRID grid.509540.d, ISNI 0000 0004 6880 3010, Amsterdam UMC Biobank Core Facility, Amsterdam UMC, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[157
]GRID grid.509540.d, ISNI 0000 0004 6880 3010, Department of Radiology, , Amsterdam UMC, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[158
]GRID grid.509540.d, ISNI 0000 0004 6880 3010, Department of Medical Microbiology, , Amsterdam UMC, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[159
]GRID grid.509540.d, ISNI 0000 0004 6880 3010, Department of Clinical Chemistry, , Amsterdam UMC, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[160
]GRID grid.509540.d, ISNI 0000 0004 6880 3010, Amsterdam UMC Biobank, Amsterdam UMC, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[161
]GRID grid.509540.d, ISNI 0000 0004 6880 3010, Core Facility Genomics, Amsterdam UMC, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[163
]GRID grid.4861.b, ISNI 0000 0001 0805 7253, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, ; Liège, Belgium
[165
]GRID grid.411374.4, ISNI 0000 0000 8607 6858, BHUL (Liège Biobank), CHU of Liège, ; Liège, Belgium
[167
]GRID grid.66859.34, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, ; Cambridge, MA USA
[168
]GRID grid.4989.c, ISNI 0000 0001 2348 0746, Centre de Génétique Humaine, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ; Brussels, Belgium
[169
]GRID grid.4989.c, ISNI 0000 0001 2348 0746, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ; Brussels, Belgium
[170
]GRID grid.411374.4, ISNI 0000 0000 8607 6858, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, ; Liège, Belgium
[174
]GRID grid.14709.3b, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8649, McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montréal, ; Québec, Canada
[177
]GRID grid.14709.3b, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8649, Department of Emergency Medicine, , McGill University, ; Montreal, Quebec Canada
[178
]GRID grid.14709.3b, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8649, Emergency Department, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, ; Quebec, Canada
[179
]GRID grid.14709.3b, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8649, McGill AIDS Centre, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lady Davis Institute
for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, ; Quebec, Canada
[180
]GRID grid.414980.0, ISNI 0000 0000 9401 2774, McGill Centre for Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Lady Davis Institute,
Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, ; Quebec, Canada
[181
]GRID grid.410559.c, ISNI 0000 0001 0743 2111, Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, ; Quebec, Canada
[182
]GRID grid.410559.c, ISNI 0000 0001 0743 2111, Department of Medicine, , Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, ; Montreal, Quebec Canada
[183
]GRID grid.14848.31, ISNI 0000 0001 2292 3357, Department of Medicine, , Université de Montréal, ; Montreal, Quebec Canada
[184
]GRID grid.14709.3b, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8649, Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, , McGill University, ; Montreal, Quebec Canada
[185
]GRID grid.410559.c, ISNI 0000 0001 0743 2111, Department of Intensive Care, , Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, ; Montreal, Quebec Canada
[186
]GRID grid.410559.c, ISNI 0000 0001 0743 2111, Division of Infectious Diseases, Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université
de Montréal, Montréal, ; Quebec, Canada
[187
]GRID grid.412807.8, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9916, Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, , Vanderbilt University Medical Center, ; Nashville, TN USA
[188
]GRID grid.412807.8, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9916, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, ; Nashville, TN USA
[189
]GRID grid.15090.3d, ISNI 0000 0000 8786 803X, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty University
of Bonn, ; Bonn, Germany
[190
]GRID grid.15090.3d, ISNI 0000 0000 8786 803X, Institute of Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical
Faculty University of Bonn, ; Bonn, Germany
[191
]GRID grid.14778.3d, ISNI 0000 0000 8922 7789, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, , University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University, ; Düsseldorf, Germany
[192
]GRID grid.1957.a, ISNI 0000 0001 0728 696X, Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, ; Aachen, Germany
[193
]GRID grid.1957.a, ISNI 0000 0001 0728 696X, Clinic for Cardiology, Angiology and Internal Intensive Medicine, Medical Clinic I,
RWTH Aachen University, ; Aachen, Germany
[194
]GRID grid.1957.a, ISNI 0000 0001 0728 696X, Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, , RWTH Aachen University, ; Aachen, Germany
[195
]GRID grid.10423.34, ISNI 0000 0000 9529 9877, Department of Pneumology, , Hannover Medical School, ; Hannover, Germany
[196
]GRID grid.10423.34, ISNI 0000 0000 9529 9877, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, , Hannover Medical School, ; Hannover, Germany
[197
]GRID grid.10423.34, ISNI 0000 0000 9529 9877, Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, ; Hannover, Germany
[198
]GRID grid.6190.e, ISNI 0000 0000 8580 3777, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of
Cologne, , University of Cologne, ; Cologne, Germany
[199
]GRID grid.6190.e, ISNI 0000 0000 8580 3777, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, ; Cologne, Germany
[200
]GRID grid.452463.2, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, ; Cologne, Germany
[202
]GRID grid.6190.e, ISNI 0000 0000 8580 3777, Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, ; Cologne, Germany
[203
]GRID grid.5718.b, ISNI 0000 0001 2187 5445, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, , University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, ; Essen, Germany
[204
]GRID grid.5718.b, ISNI 0000 0001 2187 5445, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, , University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, ; Essen, Germany
[205
]GRID grid.5718.b, ISNI 0000 0001 2187 5445, Department of Infectious Diseases, , University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, ; Essen, Germany
[206
]GRID grid.411937.9, Department of Pneumology, Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, , University Hospital Saarland, ; Homburg/Saar, Germany
[207
]GRID grid.411937.9, Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital
Saarland, ; Homburg/Saar, Germany
[208
]GRID grid.11749.3a, ISNI 0000 0001 2167 7588, Department of Genetics & Epigenetics, , Saarland University, ; Saarbrücken, Germany
[209
]GRID grid.511439.b, Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck),
; Bolzano, Italy
[210
]GRID grid.430503.1, ISNI 0000 0001 0703 675X, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, ; Aurora, CO USA
[211
]GRID grid.21729.3f, ISNI 0000000419368729, Department of Genetics and Development, , Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, ; New York, NY USA
[212
]GRID grid.21729.3f, ISNI 0000000419368729, Department of Medicine, , Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, ; New York, NY USA
[213
]GRID grid.21729.3f, ISNI 0000000419368729, Department of Biomedical Informatics, , Columbia University, ; New York, NY USA
[214
]GRID grid.21729.3f, ISNI 0000000419368729, Department of Pediatrics, , Columbia University, ; New York, NY USA
[215
]GRID grid.21729.3f, ISNI 0000000419368729, Department of Medicine, , Columbia University, ; New York, NY USA
[216
]GRID grid.21729.3f, ISNI 0000000419368729, Institute for Genomic Medicine, , Columbia University, ; New York, NY USA
[217
]GRID grid.21729.3f, ISNI 0000000419368729, Department of Biostatistics, , Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, ; New York, NY USA
[218
]GRID grid.21729.3f, ISNI 0000000419368729, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, , Columbia University, ; New York, NY USA
[219
]GRID grid.415735.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0621 4536, Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School
of Medicine, ; Seoul, Republic of Korea
[220
]GRID grid.264381.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, , Sungkyunkwan University, ; Seoul, Republic of Korea
[221
]GRID grid.415735.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0621 4536, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan
University, School of Medicine, ; Seoul, Republic of Korea
[222
]GRID grid.255649.9, ISNI 0000 0001 2171 7754, Department of Biochemistry, , College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, ; Seoul, Republic of Korea
[223
]GRID grid.31501.36, ISNI 0000 0004 0470 5905, Department of Internal Medicine, , Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine,
; Seoul, Republic of Korea
[224
]GRID grid.412480.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0647 3378, Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, ; Seongnam, Republic of Korea
[225
]GRID grid.412480.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0647 3378, Department of Internal Medicine, , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine,
; Seongnam, Republic of Korea
[226
]GRID grid.264381.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, ; Seoul, Republic of Korea
[227
]GRID grid.264381.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University,
; Seoul, Republic of Korea
[228
]GRID grid.264381.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine,
; Suwon, Republic of Korea
[229
]GRID grid.412480.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0647 3378, Department of Public Health Service, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, ; Seongnam, Republic of Korea
[230
]GRID grid.31501.36, ISNI 0000 0004 0470 5905, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine,
; Seoul, Republic of Korea
[231
]GRID grid.249964.4, ISNI 0000 0001 0523 5253, Korea Research Environment Open NETwork, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
Information, ; Daejeon, Republic of Korea
[232
]GRID grid.249964.4, ISNI 0000 0001 0523 5253, Global Science Experimental Data Hub Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
Information, ; Daejeon, Republic of Korea
[233
]GRID grid.415735.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0621 4536, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital,
Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, ; Seoul, Republic of Korea
[234
]GRID grid.415735.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0621 4536, Center for Cohort Studies, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School
of Medicine, ; Seoul, Republic of Korea
[235
]GRID grid.264381.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School
of Medicine, ; Seoul, Republic of Korea
[236
]GRID grid.412480.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0647 3378, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul
National University College of Medicine, ; Seongnam, Republic of Korea
[237
]GRID grid.9764.c, ISNI 0000 0001 2153 9986, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, ; Kiel, Germany
[238
]GRID grid.5254.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0674 042X, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Disease Systems Biology, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, ; Copenhagen, Denmark
[239
]GRID grid.7080.f, ISNI 0000 0001 2296 0625, Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ; Barcelona, Spain
[241
]GRID grid.419520.b, ISNI 0000 0001 2222 4708, Research Group for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Biology, ; Plön, Germany
[242
]GRID grid.9026.d, ISNI 0000 0001 2287 2617, Research Unit for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Department of Biology, University of
Hamburg, ; Hamburg, Germany
[243
]GRID grid.411347.4, ISNI 0000 0000 9248 5770, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, University of
Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), ; Madrid, Spain
[244
]GRID grid.452371.6, ISNI 0000 0004 5930 4607, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD),
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), ; Madrid, Spain
[245
]GRID grid.411083.f, ISNI 0000 0001 0675 8654, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, ; Barcelona, Spain
[246
]GRID grid.6363.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2218 4662, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, ; Berlin, Germany
[251
]GRID grid.411941.8, ISNI 0000 0000 9194 7179, Emergency Department, University Hospital Regensburg, ; Regensburg, Germany
[252
]GRID grid.411941.8, ISNI 0000 0000 9194 7179, Department for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, University Hospital Regensburg,
; Regensburg, Germany
[253
]GRID grid.5361.1, ISNI 0000 0000 8853 2677, Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Medicine and Christian Doppler Laboratory
on Iron and Phosphate Biology, ; Innsbruck, Austria
[254
]GRID grid.5510.1, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8921, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, ; Oslo, Norway
[255
]GRID grid.55325.34, ISNI 0000 0004 0389 8485, Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, ; Oslo, Norway
[256
]GRID grid.410458.c, ISNI 0000 0000 9635 9413, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and IDIBAPS, ; Barcelona, Spain
[257
]GRID grid.490732.b, European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), ; Barcelona, Spain
[259
]GRID grid.452408.f, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases
(CECAD), University of Cologne, ; Cologne, Germany
[260
]GRID grid.6190.e, ISNI 0000 0000 8580 3777, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, ; Cologne, Germany
[262
]GRID grid.417728.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1756 8807, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, ; Milan, Italy
[263
]GRID grid.452490.e, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, ; Milan, Italy
[264
]GRID grid.412468.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0646 2097, Institute of Transfusionsmedicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH),
; Kiel, Germany
[265
]GRID grid.412468.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0646 2097, Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel Campus,
; Kiel, Germany
[267
]GRID grid.412468.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0646 2097, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel Campus, ; Kiel, Germany
[268
]GRID grid.55325.34, ISNI 0000 0004 0389 8485, Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division for
Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet,
; Oslo, Norway
[269
]GRID grid.5510.1, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8921, Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases
and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo,
; Oslo, Norway
[270
]GRID grid.55325.34, ISNI 0000 0004 0389 8485, Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of
Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet,
; Oslo, Norway
[272
]GRID grid.62560.37, ISNI 0000 0004 0378 8294, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, ; Boston, MA USA
[273
]GRID grid.62560.37, ISNI 0000 0004 0378 8294, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, ; Boston, MA USA
[274
]GRID grid.38142.3c, ISNI 000000041936754X, Department of Biomedical Informatics, , Harvard Medical School, ; Boston, MA USA
[275
]GRID grid.62560.37, ISNI 0000 0004 0378 8294, Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, ; Boston, MA USA
[277
]GRID grid.18883.3a, ISNI 0000 0001 2299 9255, Department of Quality and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University
of Stavanger, ; Stavanger, Norway
[278
]GRID grid.418193.6, ISNI 0000 0001 1541 4204, Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics (HDGB), Division of Health Data and Digitalization,
Norwegian Institute of Public Health, ; Oslo, Norway
[279
]GRID grid.5379.8, ISNI 0000000121662407, Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, ; Manchester, UK
[280
]GRID grid.411347.4, ISNI 0000 0000 9248 5770, Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón
y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, ; Madrid, Spain
[281
]Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, Clinical
Biochemistry Department, San Sebastian, Spain
[282
]GRID grid.410675.1, ISNI 0000 0001 2325 3084, Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències
Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, ; Barcelona, Spain
[283
]GRID grid.413448.e, ISNI 0000 0000 9314 1427, Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de
Salud Carlos III, ; Madrid, Spain
[284
]GRID grid.55325.34, ISNI 0000 0004 0389 8485, Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, ; Oslo, Norway
[285
]GRID grid.414818.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 8749, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, ; Milan, Italy
[286
]GRID grid.415025.7, ISNI 0000 0004 1756 8604, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE LIVER), San Gerardo
Hospital, ; Monza, Italy
[287
]GRID grid.7563.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2174 1754, Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of
Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, ; Milan, Italy
[288
]GRID grid.424247.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0438 0426, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), ; Bonn, Germany
[289
]GRID grid.6190.e, ISNI 0000 0000 8580 3777, Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, ; Cologne, Germany
[290
]Department of Psychiatry, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative
Diseases, San Antonio, TX USA
[291
]GRID grid.15090.3d, ISNI 0000 0000 8786 803X, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital
Bonn, ; Bonn, Germany
[292
]GRID grid.411083.f, ISNI 0000 0001 0675 8654, Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron,
Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, ; Barcelona, Spain
[293
]GRID grid.412244.5, ISNI 0000 0004 4689 5540, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of North Norway,
; Tromsø, Norway
[294
]GRID grid.412468.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0646 2097, Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel Campus,
; Kiel, Germany
[295
]GRID grid.413503.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 9135, Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, ; San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
[296
]GRID grid.55325.34, ISNI 0000 0004 0389 8485, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, ; Oslo, Norway
[297
]GRID grid.411083.f, ISNI 0000 0001 0675 8654, Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, ; Barcelona, Spain
[298
]GRID grid.7080.f, ISNI 0000 0001 2296 0625, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ; Bellaterra, Spain
[299
]GRID grid.411347.4, ISNI 0000 0000 9248 5770, Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto
Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), ; Madrid, Spain
[300
]Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, University Hospital, Goethe University,
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
[301
]GRID grid.411347.4, ISNI 0000 0000 9248 5770, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto
Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, ; Madrid, Spain
[302
]GRID grid.6936.a, ISNI 0000000123222966, Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine,
University Hospital rechts der Isar, ; Munich, Germany
[303
]GRID grid.418187.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0493 9170, Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, ; Borstel, Germany
[305
]GRID grid.4562.5, ISNI 0000 0001 0057 2672, Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of Lübeck, ; Lübeck, Germany
[306
]GRID grid.414269.c, ISNI 0000 0001 0667 6181, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Respiratory Service,
; Bilbao, Spain
[307
]GRID grid.5947.f, ISNI 0000 0001 1516 2393, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science,
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, ; Trondheim, Norway
[308
]GRID grid.459807.7, Clinic Ålesund Hospital, Department of Medicine, Møre & Romsdal Hospital Trust, ; Ålesund, Norway
[309
]GRID grid.411347.4, ISNI 0000 0000 9248 5770, Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón
y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, ; Madrid, Spain
[310
]GRID grid.5841.8, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0247, Spain Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and IDIBAPS, ; Barcelona, Spain
[311
]GRID grid.426049.d, ISNI 0000 0004 1793 9479, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Galdakao Hospital, Respiratory Service, ; Galdakao, Spain
[313
]GRID grid.410458.c, ISNI 0000 0000 9635 9413, Liver ICU, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, ; Barcelona, Spain
[318
]GRID grid.411088.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0578 8220, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University
Hospital Frankfurt, ; Frankfurt am Main, Germany
[319
]GRID grid.6190.e, ISNI 0000 0000 8580 3777, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Medical Faculty and University Hospital
Cologne, University of Cologne, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, ; Cologne, Germany
[321
]GRID grid.424810.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0467 2314, Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, ; Bilbao, Spain
[322
]Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute,
Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian,
Spain
[323
]GRID grid.452310.1, Infectious Diseases Service, Osakidetza, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute,
; Barakaldo, Spain
[324
]GRID grid.470118.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0627 3835, Medical Department, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, ; Drammen, Norway
[325
]GRID grid.418187.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0493 9170, Research Center Borstel, BioMaterialBank Nord, ; Borstel, Germany
[326
]GRID grid.452624.3, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), ; Giessen, Germany
[329
]Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute,
Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd,
San Sebastian, Spain
[330
]GRID grid.55325.34, ISNI 0000 0004 0389 8485, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, ; Oslo, Norway
[331
]GRID grid.7914.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7443, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, ; Bergen, Norway
[336
]GRID grid.466571.7, ISNI 0000 0004 1756 6246, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), ; Madrid, Spain
[337
]GRID grid.5612.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2172 2676, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), ; Barcelona, Spain
[338
]GRID grid.20522.37, ISNI 0000 0004 1767 9005, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), ; Barcelona, Spain
[339
]Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, San
Sebastian, Spain
[340
]GRID grid.7839.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9721, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University H.ospital Frankfurt
and Goethe University Frankfurt, ; Frankfurt am Main, Germany
[344
]GRID grid.1002.3, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7857, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, ; Victoria, Australia
[345
]GRID grid.5252.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 973X, Munich Clinic Schwabing, Academic Teaching Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
(LMU), ; Munich, Germany
[346
]GRID grid.411347.4, ISNI 0000 0000 9248 5770, Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón
y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), ; Madrid, Spain
[349
]GRID grid.6190.e, ISNI 0000 0000 8580 3777, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne, ZKS Köln, ; Cologne, Germany
[351
]GRID grid.15090.3d, ISNI 0000 0000 8786 803X, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine, University Hospital
Bonn, ; Bonn, Germany
[352
]GRID grid.9764.c, ISNI 0000 0001 2153 9986, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, ; Kiel, Germany
[354
]GRID grid.9764.c, ISNI 0000 0001 2153 9986, Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, ; Kiel, Germany
[355
]Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
[356
]German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
[357
]GRID grid.7727.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2190 5763, Department of Neurology, Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, ; Regensburg, Germany
[359
]GRID grid.484013.a, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, ; Berlin, Germany
[360
]GRID grid.452463.2, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, ; Munich, Germany
[361
]GRID grid.412244.5, ISNI 0000 0004 4689 5540, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of North Norway, ; Tromsø, Norway
[362
]GRID grid.10919.30, ISNI 0000000122595234, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, ; Tromsø, Norway
[363
]GRID grid.418701.b, ISNI 0000 0001 2097 8389, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), ; Barcelona, Spain
[364
]GRID grid.418284.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0427 2257, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), ; Barcelona, Spain
[368
]GRID grid.5239.d, ISNI 0000 0001 2286 5329, Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular
de Valladolid (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, ; Valladolid, Spain
[369
]Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas
(CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
[370
]GRID grid.411280.e, ISNI 0000 0001 1842 3755, Valladolid University Hospital, ; Valladolid, Spain
[371
]GRID grid.10939.32, ISNI 0000 0001 0943 7661, Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, ; Tartu, Estonia
[372
]GRID grid.10939.32, ISNI 0000 0001 0943 7661, SYNLAB Estonia, University of Tartu, ; Tartu, Estonia
[375
]GRID grid.10939.32, ISNI 0000 0001 0943 7661, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, ; Tartu, Estonia
[378
]GRID grid.10939.32, ISNI 0000 0001 0943 7661, University of Tartu, Tartu University Hospital, ; Tartu, Estonia
[382
]GRID grid.14758.3f, ISNI 0000 0001 1013 0499, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), ; Helsinki, Finland
[383
]GRID grid.7737.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0410 2071, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism Research
Program, ; Helsinki, Finland
[384
]GRID grid.508836.0, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), ; Basel, Switzerland
[385
]GRID grid.6612.3, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0642, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, ; Basel, Switzerland
[386
]GRID grid.9851.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2165 4204, Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital and University
of Lausanne, ; Lausanne, Switzerland
[388
]GRID grid.9851.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2165 4204, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, ; Lausanne, Switzerland
[389
]GRID grid.413349.8, ISNI 0000 0001 2294 4705, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen,
; St Gallen, Switzerland
[390
]GRID grid.8591.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2322 4988, Division of Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals and the University of Geneva
Faculty of Medicine, ; Geneva, Switzerland
[391
]GRID grid.150338.c, ISNI 0000 0001 0721 9812, Infectious Disease Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital,
; Geneva, Switzerland
[393
]Infectious Diseases Division, University Hospital Centre of the Canton of Vaud, Hospital
of Valais, Sion, Switzerland
[394
]GRID grid.9851.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2165 4204, Functional Host Genomics of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital and University
of Lausanne, ; Lausanne, Switzerland
[395
]GRID grid.9851.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2165 4204, Registry COVID, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, ; Lausanne, Switzerland
[396
]GRID grid.9851.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2165 4204, Pneumonia Prediction using Lung Ultrasound, University Hospital and University of
Lausanne, ; Lausanne, Switzerland
[397
]GRID grid.9851.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2165 4204, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, ; Lausanne, Switzerland
[398
]GRID grid.413349.8, ISNI 0000 0001 2294 4705, COVID-19 Risk Prediction in Swiss ICUs-Trial, Division of Infectious Diseases and
Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, ; St Gallen, Switzerland
[399
]GCAT-Genomes for Life, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP),
Badalona, Spain
[400
]GRID grid.418284.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0427 2257, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Consortium
for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Barcelona,
; Barcelona, Spain
[401
]GRID grid.10097.3f, ISNI 0000 0004 0387 1602, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS), Life
& Medical Sciences, ; Barcelona, Spain
[405
]GRID grid.460782.f, ISNI 0000 0004 4910 6551, Université Côte d’Azur, Inria, CNRS, I3S, Maasai, ; Nice, France
[408
]GRID grid.419425.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1760 3027, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences and
Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, ; Pavia, Italy
[409
]GRID grid.8982.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1762 5736, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, , University of Pavia, ; Pavia, Italy
[410
]GRID grid.412725.7, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali
Civili Hospital, ; Brescia, Italy
[411
]GRID grid.416292.a, ISNI 0000 0004 1759 8897, Chirurgia Vascolare, Ospedale Maggiore di Crema, ; Crema, Italy
[413
]GRID grid.4708.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 2822, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, ; Milan, Italy
[414
]GRID grid.411477.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1759 0844, Department of Specialized and Internal Medicine, Tropical and Infectious Diseases
Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, ; Siena, Italy
[415
]GRID grid.9024.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 4641, Unit of Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department of Internal and
Specialist Medicine, University of Siena, ; Siena, Italy
[416
]GRID grid.411477.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1759 0844, Department of Emergency and Urgency, Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of
Intensive Care Medicine, Siena University Hospital, ; Siena, Italy
[417
]GRID grid.9024.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 4641, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurosciences and Radiological Sciences, Unit
of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Siena, ; Siena, Italy
[418
]GRID grid.9024.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 4641, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of
Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, ; Siena, Italy
[419
]GRID grid.416351.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1789 6237, Department of Specialized and Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, San Donato
Hospital Arezzo, ; Arezzo, Italy
[420
]GRID grid.416351.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1789 6237, Department of Emergency, Anesthesia Unit, San Donato Hospital, ; Arezzo, Italy
[421
]GRID grid.416351.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1789 6237, Department of Specialized and Internal Medicine, Pneumology Unit and UTIP, San Donato
Hospital, ; Arezzo, Italy
[422
]GRID grid.415928.3, Department of Emergency, Anesthesia Unit, Misericordia Hospital, ; Grosseto, Italy
[423
]GRID grid.415928.3, Department of Specialized and Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Misericordia
Hospital, ; Grosseto, Italy
[425
]GRID grid.415928.3, Clinical Chemical Analysis Laboratory, Misericordia Hospital, ; Grosseto, Italy
[427
]GRID grid.416351.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1789 6237, Clinical Chemical Analysis Laboratory, San Donato Hospital, ; Arezzo, Italy
[428
]GRID grid.4708.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 2822, Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo,
University of Milan, ; Milan, Italy
[429
]GRID grid.7548.e, ISNI 0000000121697570, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,
; Modena, Italy
[430
]GRID grid.414603.4, HIV/AIDS Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani,
; Rome, Italy
[431
]GRID grid.417287.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1760 3158, Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia,
; Perugia, Italy
[432
]GRID grid.9027.c, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 3630, Infectious Diseases Clinic, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, ; Perugia, Italy
[436
]Medical Genetics and Laboratory of Medical Genetics Unit, A.O.R.N “Antonio Cardarelli”,
Naples, Italy
[437
]GRID grid.4691.a, ISNI 0000 0001 0790 385X, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico
II, ; Naples, Italy
[440
]GRID grid.416052.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1755 4122, Unit of Respiratory Physiopathology, AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, ; Naples, Italy
[441
]GRID grid.413503.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 9135, Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital,
; San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
[442
]GRID grid.413503.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 9135, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital,
; San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
[443
]GRID grid.410345.7, ISNI 0000 0004 1756 7871, Infectious Diseases Clinic, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, IRCCS for Cancer Research,
; Genova, Italy
[444
]GRID grid.414603.4, Microbiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic
University of Medicine, ; Rome, Italy
[445
]GRID grid.414603.4, Department of Laboratory Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico
Universitario AGemelli IRCCS, ; Rome, Italy
[446
]GRID grid.9024.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 4641, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Siena, ; Siena, Italy
[447
]GRID grid.9024.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 4641, Otolaryngology Unit, University of Siena, ; Siena, Italy
[451
]GRID grid.7548.e, ISNI 0000000121697570, Infectious Diseases Clinics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, ; Modena, Italy
[453
]GRID grid.414266.3, ISNI 0000 0004 1759 8539, U.O.C. Medicina, ASST Nord Milano, Ospedale Bassini, ; Milan, Italy
[454
]GRID grid.418224.9, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 9530, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano,
IRCCS, San Luca Hospital, ; Milan, Italy
[455
]GRID grid.7563.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2174 1754, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, ; Milan, Italy
[456
]GRID grid.418224.9, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 9530, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS,
; Milan, Italy
[457
]GRID grid.418224.9, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 9530, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, ; Milan, Italy
[458
]GRID grid.460094.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 8431, Unit of Infectious Diseases, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, ; Bergamo, Italy
[459
]GRID grid.511455.1, Department of Cardiology, Institute of Montescano, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri,
IRCCS, ; Pavia, Italy
[460
]GRID grid.511455.1, Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Institute of Tradate (VA), Istituti Clinici
Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, ; Pavia, Italy
[461
]GRID grid.418378.1, ISNI 0000 0000 8948 1031, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute
of Milan, ; Milan, Italy
[463
]GRID grid.411477.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1759 0844, Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, ; Florence, Italy
[464
]GRID grid.415928.3, Department of Medicine, Pneumology Unit, Misericordia Hospital, ; Grosseto, Italy
[466
]GRID grid.4708.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 2822, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi
Sacco Hospital, Polo Universitario, University of Milan, ; Milan, Italy
[468
]GRID grid.8982.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1762 5736, Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia, ; Pavia, Italy
[471
]CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria
(IBBA), Milano, Italy
[475
]GRID grid.417623.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1758 0566, Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO, ; Florence, Italy
[478
]GRID grid.419425.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1760 3027, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo,
; Pavia, Italy
[479
]GRID grid.7637.5, ISNI 0000000417571846, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, ; Brescia, Italy
[480
]GRID grid.412725.7, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Section, Diagnostic
Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, ; Brescia, Italy
[481
]GRID grid.7548.e, ISNI 0000000121697570, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of
Modena and Reggio Emilia, ; Modena, Italy
[482
]GRID grid.5608.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 3470, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, ; Padua, Italy
[483
]GRID grid.413503.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 9135, Laboratory of Regulatory and Functional Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della
Sofferenza, ; San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
[484
]GRID grid.413503.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 9135, Clinical Trial Office, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, ; San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
[485
]GRID grid.5606.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2151 3065, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, ; Genova, Italy
[487
]Local Health Unit, Pharmaceutical Department of Grosseto, Toscana Sud Est Local Health
Unit, Grosseto, Italy
[493
]GRID grid.13097.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 2322 6764, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s
College London, ; London, UK
[494
]GRID grid.10306.34, ISNI 0000 0004 0606 5382, Medical and Population Genomics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, ; Hinxton, UK
[495
]GRID grid.418449.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0379 5398, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health
Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, ; Bradford, UK
[497
]GRID grid.4868.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2171 1133, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, ; London, UK
[498
]GRID grid.4868.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2171 1133, Genes & Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, ; London, UK
[499
]GRID grid.4868.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2171 1133, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, ; London, UK
[500
]GRID grid.214458.e, ISNI 0000000086837370, Department of Biostatistics, , University of Michigan, ; Ann Arbor, MI USA
[501
]GRID grid.411074.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2297 2036, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Med School, ; São Paulo, Brazil
[504
]GRID grid.412484.f, ISNI 0000 0001 0302 820X, Seoul National University Hospital Gangnam Center, ; Seoul, Republic of Korea
[505
]GRID grid.254230.2, ISNI 0000 0001 0722 6377, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National
University School of Medicine, ; Daejeon, Republic of Korea
[507
]GRID grid.258803.4, ISNI 0000 0001 0661 1556, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University,
; Daegu, Republic of Korea
[508
]GRID grid.508282.5, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon Medical
Center, ; Incheon, Republic of Korea
[509
]GRID grid.412091.f, ISNI 0000 0001 0669 3109, Department of Infectious Diseases, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung
University School of Medicine, ; Daegu, Republic of Korea
[510
]GRID grid.412588.2, ISNI 0000 0000 8611 7824, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and
Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, ; Busan, Republic of Korea
[511
]GRID grid.416355.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0475 0976, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital,
; Goyang, Republic of Korea
[512
]GRID grid.15444.30, ISNI 0000 0004 0470 5454, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University,
; Seoul, Republic of Korea
[513
]GRID grid.168010.e, ISNI 0000000419368956, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, , Stanford University, ; Stanford, CA USA
[514
]GRID grid.168010.e, ISNI 0000000419368956, Department of Medicine, , Stanford University, ; Stanford, CA USA
[515
]GRID grid.168010.e, ISNI 0000000419368956, Department of Genetics, , Stanford University, ; Stanford, CA USA
[516
]GRID grid.168010.e, ISNI 0000000419368956, Department of Biomedical Data Science, , Stanford University, ; Stanford, CA USA
[518
]GRID grid.168010.e, ISNI 0000000419368956, Department of Pathology, , Stanford University, ; Stanford, CA USA
[520
]GRID grid.419849.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0447 7762, Computational Biology, Drug Discovery Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, ; Boston, MA USA
[521
]GRID grid.9851.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2165 4204, Department of Computational Biology, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), University
of Lausanne, ; Lausanne, Switzerland
[524
]GRID grid.428062.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0497 2835, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, ; London, UK
[527
]GRID grid.7886.1, ISNI 0000 0001 0768 2743, University College Dublin, St Vincent’s University Hospital, ; Dublin, Ireland
[528
]GRID grid.15628.38, ISNI 0000 0004 0393 1193, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, ; Coventry, UK
[530
]GRID grid.10025.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8470, NIHR Health Protection Research Unit, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological
Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, ; Liverpool, UK
[531
]GRID grid.415470.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0392 0072, Queen Alexandra Hospital (Hampshire), Portsmouth Hospital Trust, ; Portsmouth, UK
[532
]GRID grid.511096.a, Princess Royal Hospital, Brighton & Sussex Universities Hospitals NHS Trust, ; Brighton, UK
[534
]GRID grid.413475.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0398 7314, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford & Gravesham NHS Trust, ; Dartford, UK
[535
]GRID grid.6572.6, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7486, High Containment Laboratories, University of Birmingham, ; Birmingham, UK
[536
]GRID grid.415545.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0398 7891, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Hospital, ; Margate, UK
[537
]GRID grid.8348.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2306 7492, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Oxford, UK
[538
]GRID grid.419295.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0401 0417, Royal Albert Edward Infirmary (Wigan), Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh, ; Wigan, UK
[539
]GRID grid.419319.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0641 2823, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
; Manchester, UK
[540
]GRID grid.415183.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 3030, Furness General Hospital, Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, ; Barrow-in-Furness, UK
[541
]GRID grid.413509.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 528X, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull University Teaching Hospital Trust, ; Hull, UK
[542
]GRID grid.414091.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 1318, Hillingdon Hospital, Hillingdon Hospital, ; London, UK
[544
]GRID grid.412570.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 5079, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, ; Coventry, UK
[545
]GRID grid.416544.6, St Michaels Hospital (Bristol), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation
Trust, ; Bristol, UK
[546
]GRID grid.416626.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0391 2793, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, ; Manchester, UK
[547
]GRID grid.415970.e, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 2395, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Liverpool, UK
[548
]Bristol Royal Hospital (Children’s), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation
Trust, Bristol, UK
[549
]GRID grid.439905.2, ISNI 0000 0000 9626 5193, Scarborough Hospital, York Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; York, UK
[550
]GRID grid.415992.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0398 7066, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool Heart & Chest NHS Foundation Trust, ; Liverpool, UK
[551
]GRID grid.411814.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 5511, James Paget University Hospital, James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
; Great Yarmouth, UK
[552
]GRID grid.411812.f, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 2812, The James Cook University Hospital, South Tees NHS Foundation Trust, ; Middlesbrough, UK
[553
]GRID grid.417581.e, ISNI 0000 0000 8678 4766, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Grampian, ; Aberdeen, UK
[555
]GRID grid.416118.b, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foudation Trust, ; Exeter, UK
[556
]GRID grid.417238.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 5837, Worcestershire Royal Hospital, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, ; Worcester, UK
[557
]GRID grid.414688.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 9761, Conquest Hospital, Hastings, East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, ; Seaford, UK
[558
]GRID grid.414081.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 1166, Dorset County Hospital, Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, ; Dorchester, UK
[559
]Royal Bournemouth General Hospital, University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust,
Bournemouth, UK
[560
]GRID grid.462305.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0408 8513, Harrogate Hospital, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, ; Harrogate, UK
[561
]GRID grid.413137.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0391 625X, Burnley General Teaching Hospital, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Hospitals, ; Burnley, UK
[562
]GRID grid.417173.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 0716, Torbay Hospital, Torbay & South Devon NHS Foundation Trust, ; Torquay, UK
[563
]GRID grid.416126.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0641 6031, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Sheffield, UK
[564
]GRID grid.451349.e, St Georges Hospital (Tooting), St Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
; London, UK
[565
]GRID grid.414522.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0435 8405, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Blackpool, UK
[566
]GRID grid.416041.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0738 5466, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, ; London, UK
[567
]GRID grid.412346.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0237 2025, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, ; Manchester, UK
[568
]GRID grid.414158.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0634 2159, University Hospital of North Durham, County Durham and Darlington Foundation Trust,
; Durham, UK
[569
]GRID grid.416391.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 0120, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS
Foundation Trust, ; Norwich, UK
[572
]GRID grid.414732.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 8034, Fairfield General Hospital, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, ; Manchester, UK
[573
]GRID grid.413816.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0398 5909, Hereford County Hospital, Wye Valley NHS Trust, ; Hereford, UK
[574
]GRID grid.123047.3, ISNI 0000000103590315, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust,
; Southampton, UK
[575
]GRID grid.416531.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0398 9723, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, ; Northampton, UK
[576
]GRID grid.241103.5, ISNI 0000 0001 0169 7725, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, ; Cardiff, UK
[578
]GRID grid.415892.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0398 4295, Leighton Hospital, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Crewe, UK
[579
]GRID grid.413686.e, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 0964, Diana Princess of Wales Hospital (Grimsby), North Lincolnshire & Goole, ; Grimsby, UK
[580
]GRID grid.416394.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 720X, Manor Hospital, Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust, ; Walsall, UK
[581
]GRID grid.120073.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0622 5016, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, ; Cambridge, UK
[582
]GRID grid.417049.f, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 1800, West Suffolk Hospital, West Suffolk Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, ; Bury St Edmunds, UK
[583
]GRID grid.414262.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 7883, Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
; Basingstoke, UK
[584
]GRID grid.507531.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0484 7081, North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, ; Carlisle, UK
[585
]GRID grid.416944.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 1675, Warwick Hospital, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, ; Warwick, UK
[586
]Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital
NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
[587
]GRID grid.412920.c, ISNI 0000 0000 9962 2336, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, ; Nottingham, UK
[588
]GRID grid.428852.1, ISNI 0000 0001 0449 3568, Glangwili Hospital Child Health Section, Hywel Dda University Health Board, ; Carmarthen, UK
[589
]GRID grid.413582.9, ISNI 0000 0001 0503 2798, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, ; Liverpool, UK
[590
]GRID grid.414624.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0648 9599, Bronglais General Hospital, Hywel Dda University Health Board, ; Aberystwyth, UK
[591
]GRID grid.417263.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 1065, Worthing Hospital, Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Worthing, UK
[593
]GRID grid.426108.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 012X, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, ; London, UK
[594
]GRID grid.448742.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0422 9435, Homerton Hospital, Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, ; London, UK
[595
]GRID grid.439314.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0415 6547, Airedale Hospital, Airedale NHS Foundation Trust, ; Keighley, UK
[596
]GRID grid.461344.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0374 1509, Basildon Hospital, Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
; Basildon, UK
[597
]GRID grid.412917.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0430 9259, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, ; Manchester, UK
[598
]GRID grid.439484.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0398 4383, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (Greenwich), Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, ; London, UK
[599
]GRID grid.417095.e, ISNI 0000 0004 4687 3624, The Whittington Hospital, Whittington Health NHS Trust, ; London, UK
[600
]GRID grid.413991.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0641 6082, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, ; Sheffield, UK
[601
]GRID grid.416091.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 0728, Royal United Hospital, Bath, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, ; Bath, UK
[603
]GRID grid.451052.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0581 2008, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, ; Basildon, UK
[604
]GRID grid.414108.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 5044, Hinchingbrooke Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, ; Peterborough, UK
[605
]GRID grid.416204.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0391 9602, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Preston, UK
[606
]GRID grid.412570.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 5079, University Hospital (Coventry), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, ; Coventry, UK
[607
]GRID grid.416928.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0496 3293, The Walton Centre, The Walton Centre, ; Liverpool, UK
[608
]GRID grid.417704.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 5212, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull University Teaching Hospital Trust, ; Hull, UK
[609
]GRID grid.413477.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 3698, Darlington Memorial Hospital, County Durham and Darlington Foundation Trust, ; Darlington, UK
[610
]GRID grid.415506.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 3364, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (Gateshead), Gateshead NHS Foundation Trust, ; Newcastle, UK
[611
]GRID grid.416942.c, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 4092, Warrington Hospital, Warrington & Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Warrington, UK
[612
]GRID grid.410421.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0380 7336, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, ; Bristol, UK
[613
]GRID grid.416523.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0641 2620, St Mary’s Hospital (Isle of Wight), Isle of Wight NHS Trust, ; Isle of Wight, UK
[614
]GRID grid.416304.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0398 7664, The Maidstone Hospital, Maidstone & Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, ; Maidstone, UK
[615
]GRID grid.487190.3, Huddersfield Royal, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, ; Huddersfield, UK
[617
]GRID grid.415914.c, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 9999, Countess of Chester Hospital, Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, ; Chester, UK
[618
]GRID grid.470139.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 296X, Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley Health Foundation Trust, ; Frimley, UK
[620
]GRID grid.418161.b, ISNI 0000 0001 0097 2705, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, ; Leeds, UK
[621
]GRID grid.439352.a, North Middlesex Hospital, North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, ; London, UK
[622
]GRID grid.439372.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0641 7667, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, ; Wirral, UK
[623
]GRID grid.420468.c, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation
Trust, ; London, UK
[624
]GRID grid.416215.5, ISNI 0000 0000 9558 5208, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, ; Shrewsbury, UK
[625
]GRID grid.414355.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 0067, East Surrey Hospital (Redhill), Surrey & Sussex Healthcare, ; Redhill, UK
[626
]GRID grid.439958.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 5832, Burton Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby & Burton NHS Foundation Trust, ; Burton-on-Trent, UK
[627
]GRID grid.415149.c, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, East Kent Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Canterbury, UK
[628
]Weston Area General Trust, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation
Trust, Bristol, UK
[630
]GRID grid.411714.6, ISNI 0000 0000 9825 7840, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Greater Glasgow and Clyde, ; Glasgow, UK
[631
]GRID grid.508499.9, Derbyshire Healthcare, Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, ; Derby, UK
[633
]GRID grid.439369.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0392 0021, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Trust, ; London, UK
[634
]GRID grid.6572.6, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7486, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, ; Birmingham, UK
[635
]GRID grid.415213.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0648 9484, Prince Philip Hospital, Hwyel Dda University Health Board, ; Llanelli, UK
[636
]GRID grid.415503.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 7591, George Eliot Hospital - Acute Services, George Eliot Hospital, ; Nuneaton, UK
[637
]GRID grid.415192.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 5589, Kettering General Hospital, Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, ; Kettering, UK
[638
]GRID grid.413964.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 7344, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, ; Birmingham, UK
[639
]GRID grid.416281.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 9948, Russells Hall Hospital, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, ; Dudley, UK
[640
]GRID grid.413676.1, ISNI 0000 0000 8683 5797, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton & Harefield Trust, ; London, UK
[641
]GRID grid.415953.f, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 1537, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, ; Stevenage, UK
[642
]GRID grid.416340.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 7816, Musgrove Park Hospital (Taunton & Somerset), Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, ; Taunton, UK
[643
]GRID grid.415588.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 4455, Queen’s Hospital, Havering (Romford), Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals
NHS Trust, ; London, UK
[644
]GRID grid.415968.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 1480, Southport & Formby District General Hospital, Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS
Trust, ; Southport, UK
[645
]GRID grid.416051.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 0863, New Cross Hospital, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, ; Wolverhampton, UK
[647
]GRID grid.419334.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0641 3236, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust, ; Newcastle, UK
[648
]GRID grid.413286.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 0118, The Great Western Hospital, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Swindon, UK
[652
]GRID grid.417122.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0398 7998, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, East Kent Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Willesborough, UK
[653
]GRID grid.415352.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1756 4726, King’s Mill Hospital, Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Sutton-in-Ashfield, UK
[654
]GRID grid.419317.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0421 1251, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, ; Liverpool, UK
[655
]GRID grid.439224.a, ISNI 0000 0001 0372 5769, Dewsbury Hospital, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, ; Dewsbury, UK
[656
]GRID grid.439374.e, ISNI 0000 0004 0494 5044, Northern Devon District Hospital, Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust, ; Barnstaple, UK
[657
]GRID grid.416885.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 5983, Tameside General Hospital, Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust,
; Manchester, UK
[658
]GRID grid.415125.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 8830, Sandwell General Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, ; Birmingham, UK
[659
]GRID grid.414650.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 7889, Broomfield Hospital, Mid and South Essex University Hospitals Group, ; Broomfield, UK
[660
]GRID grid.417281.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0392 0515, Wycombe Hospital, Buckingham Healthcare NHS Trust, ; Wycombe, UK
[661
]GRID grid.412910.f, ISNI 0000 0004 0641 6648, University Hospital of North Tees, North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Trust, ; Stockton-on-Tees, UK
[662
]GRID grid.415910.8, ISNI 0000 0001 0235 2382, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation
Trust, ; Manchester, UK
[664
]GRID grid.414586.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 9294, Colchester General Hospital, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, ; Colchester, UK
[665
]GRID grid.412563.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0376 6589, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (Birmingham) and Heartlands, University Hospital Birmingham
NHS Foundation Trust, ; Birmingham, UK
[666
]GRID grid.413868.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 2571, Chesterfield Royal Hospital, Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, ; Chesterfield, UK
[667
]GRID grid.421226.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0398 712X, Princess Alexandra Hospital, The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, ; Harlow, UK
[668
]GRID grid.416955.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 4949, Watford General Hospital, West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, ; Watford, UK
[669
]GRID grid.415667.7, Milton Keynes Hospital, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, ; Milton Keynes, UK
[670
]GRID grid.414534.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 766X, Royal Bolton General Hospital, Bolton Foundation Trust, ; Bolton, UK
[671
]GRID grid.464526.7, ISNI 0000 0001 0581 7464, Royal Gwent (Newport), Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, ; Newport, UK
[672
]GRID grid.424926.f, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 0461, The Royal Marsden Hospital (London), The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, ; London, UK
[673
]GRID grid.415586.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0398 7189, Queen Victoria Hospital (East Grinstead), Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
; East Grinstead, UK
[674
]GRID grid.439527.e, ISNI 0000 0004 0648 9687, County Hospital (Stafford), University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, ; Stafford, UK
[675
]GRID grid.417083.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 1894, Whiston Hospital, St Helen’s & Knowlsey Hospitals NHS Trust, ; Prescot, UK
[677
]GRID grid.434530.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0387 634X, Gloucester Royal, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Gloucester, UK
[678
]GRID grid.439210.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0398 683X, Medway Maritime Hospital, Medway Maritime NHS Trust, ; Gillingham, UK
[679
]GRID grid.412939.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0383 5994, Royal Papworth Hospital Everard, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, ; Cambridge, UK
[680
]GRID grid.418670.c, ISNI 0000 0001 0575 1952, Derriford (Plymouth), University Hospital Plymouth NHS Trust, ; Plymouth, UK
[681
]GRID grid.416404.3, St Helier Hospital, Epsom and St Helier University Hospital NHS Trust, ; London, UK
[682
]GRID grid.416094.e, ISNI 0000 0000 9007 4476, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Royal Berkshire Foundation Trust, ; London, UK
[683
]GRID grid.418447.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0391 9047, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Bradford, UK
[685
]GRID grid.415918.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 3048, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Hospital Trust, ; London, UK
[686
]GRID grid.416116.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0391 2873, Royal Cornwall Hospital (Tresliske), Royal Cornwall NHS Trust, ; Truro, UK
[687
]GRID grid.439391.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 6034, Ashford Hospital, Ashford & St Peter’s Hospital, ; Stanwell, UK
[688
]GRID grid.419248.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 6485, Leicester Royal Infirmary (includes Glenfield Site), University Hospitals of Leicester,
; Leicester, UK
[689
]GRID grid.439850.3, Grantham and District Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, ; Grantham, UK
[690
]GRID grid.411255.6, ISNI 0000 0000 8948 3192, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
; Liverpool, UK
[691
]GRID grid.416512.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0402 1394, North Tyneside General Hospital, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Trust, ; North Shields, UK
[692
]GRID grid.415519.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 2586, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (King’s Lynn), Queen Elizabeth Hospital King’s Lynn NHS Foundation
Trust, ; King’s Lynn, UK
[695
]GRID grid.4868.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2171 1133, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry,
Queen Mary University of London, ; London, UK
[696
]GRID grid.4305.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7988, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, ; Edinburgh, UK
[697
]GRID grid.450885.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0381 1861, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre, ; London, UK
[700
]GRID grid.270683.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0641 4511, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, ; Oxford, UK
[705
]GRID grid.511172.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0613 128X, Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University
of Edinburgh, ; Edinburgh, UK
[706
]GRID grid.424537.3, ISNI 0000 0004 5902 9895, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, ; London, UK
[707
]GRID grid.12981.33, ISNI 0000 0001 2360 039X, Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, ; Guangzhou, China
[708
]Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and
Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
[709
]GRID grid.4714.6, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0626, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, ; Stockholm, Sweden
[710
]GRID grid.1003.2, ISNI 0000 0000 9320 7537, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, ; Queensland, Australia
[711
]GRID grid.494629.4, ISNI 0000 0004 8008 9315, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, ; Hangzhou, China
[712
]GRID grid.494629.4, ISNI 0000 0004 8008 9315, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Westlake University, ; Hangzhou, China
[714
]GRID grid.4305.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7988, Centre for Medical Informatics, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, ; Edinburgh, UK
[715
]GRID grid.10025.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8470, Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, University of Liverpool, ; Liverpool, UK
[716
]GRID grid.5379.8, ISNI 0000000121662407, Centre for Health Informatics, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science,
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of
Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, ; Manchester, UK
[717
]GRID grid.415854.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0605 7892, MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University
of Edinburgh, ; Edinburgh, UK
[718
]GRID grid.4305.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7988, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, ; Edinburgh, UK
[721
]GRID grid.301713.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0393 3981, MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity
and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of
Glasgow, ; Glasgow, UK
[722
]GRID grid.4991.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8948, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University
of Oxford, ; Oxford, UK
[724
]GRID grid.10784.3a, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0482, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Prince of Wales Hospital, ; Hong Kong, China
[725
]GRID grid.410356.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8331, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen’s University and Kingston Health Sciences
Centre, Kingston, ; Ontario, Canada
[726
]GRID grid.4777.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0374 7521, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast,
; Belfast, UK
[727
]GRID grid.416232.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 1866, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital, ; Belfast, UK
[728
]GRID grid.83440.3b, ISNI 0000000121901201, UCL Centre for Human Health and Performance, ; London, UK
[729
]GRID grid.7886.1, ISNI 0000 0001 0768 2743, Clinical Research Centre at St Vincent’s University Hospital, University College Dublin,
; Dublin, Ireland
[730
]GRID grid.7445.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2113 8111, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, ; London, UK
[731
]GRID grid.417895.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0693 2181, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London, ; London, UK
[732
]GRID grid.10025.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8470, NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute
of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool, ; Liverpool, UK
[733
]GRID grid.10025.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8470, Respiratory Medicine, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Institute in The Park, University
of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, ; Liverpool, UK
[734
]GRID grid.420545.2, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, ; London, UK
[735
]GRID grid.5335.0, ISNI 0000000121885934, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, ; Cambridge, UK
[744
]GRID grid.413820.c, ISNI 0000 0001 2191 5195, Charing Cross Hospital, St Mary’s Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital, ; London, UK
[746
]GRID grid.415246.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 7272, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, ; Birmingham, UK
[754
]GRID grid.414262.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 7883, Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital, ; Basingstoke, UK
[756
]GRID grid.413868.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 2571, Chesterfield Royal Hospital Foundation Trust, ; Chesterfield, UK
[757
]GRID grid.413704.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 9710, Eastbourne District General Hospital, East Sussex, UK and Conquest Hospital, ; Eastbourne, UK
[767
]GRID grid.415598.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0641 4263, Nottingham University Hospital, ; Nottingham, UK
[771
]GRID grid.416885.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 5983, Tameside General Hospital, ; Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
[772
]GRID grid.439712.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0398 7779, The Tunbridge Wells Hospital and Maidstone Hospital, ; Maidstone, UK
[790
]GRID grid.462305.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0408 8513, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, ; Harrogate, UK
[792
]GRID grid.411814.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 5511, James Paget University Hospital NHS Trust, ; Great Yarmouth, UK
[797
]GRID grid.415992.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0398 7066, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, ; Liverpool, UK
[798
]GRID grid.416222.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 7007, Macclesfield District General Hospital, ; Macclesfield, UK
[802
]GRID grid.436283.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0612 2631, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, ; London, UK
[803
]GRID grid.416391.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 0120, Norfolk and Norwich University hospital (NNUH), ; Norwich, UK
[804
]GRID grid.439355.d, ISNI 0000 0000 8813 6797, North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, ; London, UK
[806
]GRID grid.451090.9, ISNI 0000 0001 0642 1330, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, ; North Shields, UK
[819
]GRID grid.418395.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1756 4670, Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, ; Blackburn, UK
[823
]GRID grid.416080.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 9774, The Royal Alexandra Children’s Hospital, ; Brighton, UK
[834
]GRID grid.416128.8, ISNI 0000 0000 9300 7922, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, ; Winchester, UK
[835
]GRID grid.415910.8, ISNI 0000 0001 0235 2382, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, ; Manchester, UK
[836
]GRID grid.439344.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0641 6760, Royal Stoke University Hospital, ; Stoke-on-Trent, UK
[846
]GRID grid.413589.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 5650, Alexandra Hospital, Redditch and Worcester Royal Hospital, ; Worcester, UK
[847
]GRID grid.412917.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0430 9259, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, ; Manchester, UK
[849
]GRID grid.415970.e, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 2395, The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, ; Liverpool, UK
[850
]GRID grid.5072.0, ISNI 0000 0001 0304 893X, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, ; London, UK
[854
]GRID grid.414158.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0634 2159, University Hospital North Durham, ; Darlington, UK
[855
]GRID grid.412910.f, ISNI 0000 0004 0641 6648, University Hospital of North Tees, ; Stockton-on-Tees, UK
[870
]GRID grid.415183.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 3030, Furness General Hospital, ; Barrow-in-Furness, UK
[875
]GRID grid.413144.7, ISNI 0000 0001 0489 6543, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, ; Gloucester, UK
[876
]GRID grid.413157.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0590 2070, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, ; Clydebank, UK
[877
]GRID grid.451056.3, ISNI 0000 0001 2116 3923, Great Ormond St Hospital and UCL Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health NIHR Biomedical
Research Centre, ; London, UK
[878
]GRID grid.439591.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 2770, Homerton University Hospital Foundation NHS Trust, ; London, UK
[879
]GRID grid.411812.f, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 2812, James Cook University Hospital, ; Middlesbrough, UK
[884
]GRID grid.419334.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0641 3236, Royal Victoria Infirmary, ; Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
[887
]GRID grid.416450.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 7971, North Manchester General Hospital, ; Manchester, UK
[899
]GRID grid.415506.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 3364, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Gateshead, ; Gateshead, UK
[900
]GRID grid.511123.5, ISNI 0000 0004 5988 7216, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, ; Glasgow, UK
[901
]GRID grid.419297.0, ISNI 0000 0000 8487 8355, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, ; Reading, UK
[910
]GRID grid.412711.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 1042, Southend University Hospital, ; Westcliff-on-Sea, UK
[911
]GRID grid.415968.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0417 1480, Southport and Formby District General Hospital, ; Ormskirk, UK
[916
]GRID grid.413307.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0624 4030, University Hospital Crosshouse, ; Kilmarnock, UK
[917
]GRID grid.413525.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0624 4444, University Hospital Hairmyres, ; East Kilbride, UK
[932
]GRID grid.7445.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2113 8111, Section of Molecular Virology, Imperial College London, ; London, UK
[933
]GRID grid.271308.f, ISNI 0000 0004 5909 016X, Antimicrobial Resistance and Hospital Acquired Infection Department, Public Health
England, ; London, UK
[934
]GRID grid.7445.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2113 8111, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, ; London, UK
[935
]GRID grid.271308.f, ISNI 0000 0004 5909 016X, National Infection Service, Public Health England, ; London, UK
[936
]GRID grid.301713.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0393 3981, MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, ; Glasgow, UK
[937
]GRID grid.48004.38, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9764, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ; Liverpool, UK
[938
]GRID grid.10025.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8470, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, ; Liverpool, UK
[940
]GRID grid.271308.f, ISNI 0000 0004 5909 016X, Virology Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England,
; London, UK
[941
]GRID grid.10025.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8470, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, ; Liverpool, UK
[942
]GRID grid.4991.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8948, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, ; Oxford, UK
[944
]GRID grid.240404.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0440 1889, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, ; Nottingham, UK
[945
]GRID grid.4991.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8948, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, ; Oxford, UK
[946
]GRID grid.4991.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8948, ISARIC Global Support Centre, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield
Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, ; Oxford, UK
[947
]GRID grid.83440.3b, ISNI 0000000121901201, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, ; London, UK
[948
]GRID grid.10025.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8470, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool,
; Liverpool, UK
[949
]GRID grid.13097.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 2322 6764, Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases,
School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, ; London, UK
[950
]GRID grid.4305.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7988, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, ; Edinburgh, UK
[951
]GRID grid.7445.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2113 8111, Department of Pediatrics and Virology, Imperial College London, ; London, UK
[952
]GRID grid.11835.3e, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9262, The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, Department of Infection, Immunity
and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, ; Sheffield, UK
[953
]GRID grid.270683.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0641 4511, Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University
of Oxford, ; Oxford, UK
[955
]GRID grid.271308.f, ISNI 0000 0004 5909 016X, Blood Borne Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public
Health England, ; London, UK
[956
]GRID grid.11835.3e, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9262, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield,
; Sheffield, UK
[957
]GRID grid.83440.3b, ISNI 0000000121901201, Institute for Global Health, University College London, ; London, UK
[958
]GRID grid.10025.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8470, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, ; Liverpool, UK
[959
]GRID grid.4305.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7988, Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, ; Edinburgh, UK
[960
]GRID grid.7445.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2113 8111, Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism,
Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, ; London, UK
[961
]GRID grid.7445.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2113 8111, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of
Medicine, Imperial College London, ; London, UK
[962
]GRID grid.7445.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2113 8111, National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial
College London, ; London, UK
[963
]GRID grid.10025.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8470, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, ; Liverpool, UK
[964
]GRID grid.10025.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8470, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, ; Liverpool, UK
[965
]GRID grid.418716.d, ISNI 0000 0001 0709 1919, Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, ; Edinburgh, UK
[968
]GRID grid.4305.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7988, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh,
; Edinburgh, UK
[970
]GRID grid.10419.3d, ISNI 0000000089452978, Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, ; Leiden, The Netherlands
[971
]GRID grid.24029.3d, ISNI 0000 0004 0383 8386, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, ; Cambridge, UK
[976
]GRID grid.474431.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0525 4843, Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, ; Reno, NV USA
[980
]GRID grid.26091.3c, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9959, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of
Medicine, ; Tokyo, Japan
[981
]GRID grid.136593.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0373 3971, Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine,
; Suita, Japan
[982
]GRID grid.136593.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0373 3971, Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC),
Osaka University, ; Suita, Japan
[983
]GRID grid.136593.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0373 3971, Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and
Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, ; Suita, Japan
[984
]GRID grid.26999.3d, ISNI 0000 0001 2151 536X, Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, the Institute of Medical
Science, The University of Tokyo, ; Tokyo, Japan
[985
]GRID grid.410786.c, ISNI 0000 0000 9206 2938, Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura
Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato
University, ; Tokyo, Japan
[986
]GRID grid.26091.3c, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9959, Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, ; Tokyo, Japan
[987
]GRID grid.26091.3c, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9959, Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, ; Tokyo, Japan
[988
]GRID grid.26091.3c, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9959, Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, ; Tokyo, Japan
[989
]GRID grid.136593.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0373 3971, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate
School of Medicine, ; Suita, Japan
[990
]GRID grid.136593.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0373 3971, Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka
University, ; Suita, Japan
[991
]GRID grid.265073.5, ISNI 0000 0001 1014 9130, Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, ; Tokyo, Japan
[992
]GRID grid.474906.8, Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
Hospital of Medicine, ; Tokyo, Japan
[993
]GRID grid.45203.30, ISNI 0000 0004 0489 0290, Genome Medical Science Project (Toyama), National Center for Global Health and Medicine,
; Chiba, Japan
[994
]GRID grid.26091.3c, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9959, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Keio University
School of Medicine, ; Tokyo, Japan
[995
]GRID grid.265073.5, ISNI 0000 0001 1014 9130, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, ; Tokyo, Japan
[996
]GRID grid.258799.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0372 2033, Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology Institute for the Advanced Study of Human
Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, ; Kyoto, Japan
[997
]GRID grid.4714.6, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0626, Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska
Institute, ; Stockholm, Sweden
[999
]GRID grid.26091.3c, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9959, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine,
; Tokyo, Japan
[1000
]GRID grid.26091.3c, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9959, Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1001
]GRID grid.26091.3c, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9959, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1002
]GRID grid.412398.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0403 4283, Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, ; Suita, Japan
[1003
]GRID grid.136593.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0373 3971, Department of Biomedical Ethics and Public Policy, Osaka University Graduate School
of Medicine, ; Suita, Japan
[1004
]GRID grid.258799.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0372 2033, Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, ; Kyoto, Japan
[1005
]GRID grid.20515.33, ISNI 0000 0001 2369 4728, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, ; Tsukuba, Japan
[1006
]GRID grid.26999.3d, ISNI 0000 0001 2151 536X, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1007
]GRID grid.136593.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0373 3971, Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka
University Graduate School of Medicine, ; Suita, Japan
[1009
]GRID grid.265073.5, ISNI 0000 0001 1014 9130, Medical Innovation Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1010
]GRID grid.474906.8, Clinical Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine,
; Tokyo, Japan
[1011
]GRID grid.474906.8, Department of Medical Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of
Medicine, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1012
]GRID grid.265073.5, ISNI 0000 0001 1014 9130, Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1013
]GRID grid.474906.8, Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1014
]GRID grid.258799.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0372 2033, Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, ; Kyoto, Japan
[1015
]GRID grid.258269.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1762 2738, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Juntendo University, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1016
]GRID grid.258269.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1762 2738, Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, Juntendo University, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1017
]GRID grid.258269.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1762 2738, Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, Juntendo University, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1018
]GRID grid.410818.4, ISNI 0000 0001 0720 6587, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1019
]GRID grid.410818.4, ISNI 0000 0001 0720 6587, Department of General Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1020
]GRID grid.419430.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0530 8813, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center,
; Saitama, Japan
[1022
]GRID grid.416093.9, Saitama Medical Center, Internal Medicine, Japan Community Healthcare Organization
(JCHO), ; Saitama, Japan
[1026
]GRID grid.416618.c, ISNI 0000 0004 0471 596X, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, ; Osaka, Japan
[1027
]GRID grid.410781.b, ISNI 0000 0001 0706 0776, Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine
Kurume University School of Medicine, ; Fukuoka, Japan
[1028
]GRID grid.416618.c, ISNI 0000 0004 0471 596X, Department of Infection Control, Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, ; Osaka, Japan
[1029
]GRID grid.417192.8, ISNI 0000 0004 1772 6756, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tosei General Hospital, ; Aichi, Japan
[1031
]GRID grid.413376.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1761 1035, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
Medical Center East, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1032
]GRID grid.413376.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1761 1035, Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1033
]GRID grid.413376.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1761 1035, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1034
]GRID grid.460255.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0642 324X, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kanazawa Hospital, ; Kanazawa, Japan
[1035
]GRID grid.416823.a, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Federation of National
Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Tachikawa Hospital, ; Tachikawa, Japan
[1036
]GRID grid.505713.5, ISNI 0000 0000 8626 1412, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and
Safety, Kanto Rosai Hospital, ; Kawasaki, Japan
[1037
]GRID grid.505713.5, ISNI 0000 0000 8626 1412, Department of General Internal Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health
and Safety, Kanto Rosai Hospital, ; Kawasaki, Japan
[1038
]GRID grid.410783.9, ISNI 0000 0001 2172 5041, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University General
Medical Center, ; Kirakata, Japan
[1039
]GRID grid.415395.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1758 5965, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital,
; Tokyo, Japan
[1040
]GRID grid.414830.a, ISNI 0000 0000 9573 4170, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, ; Kanazawa, Japan
[1043
]GRID grid.419708.3, ISNI 0000 0004 1775 0430, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, ; Yokohama, Japan
[1044
]GRID grid.416684.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0378 7419, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, ; Utsunomiya, Japan
[1046
]GRID grid.410714.7, ISNI 0000 0000 8864 3422, Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital,
; Tokyo, Japan
[1047
]GRID grid.417241.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1772 7556, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, ; Toyohashi, Japan
[1049
]GRID grid.474861.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0629 3596, Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center,
; Sapporo, Japan
[1050
]GRID grid.416239.b, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center,
; Tokyo, Japan
[1051
]GRID grid.416239.b, Department of Allergy, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1052
]GRID grid.416239.b, Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital
Organization Tokyo Medical Center, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1053
]GRID grid.410775.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1762 2623, Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital, ; Musashino, Japan
[1054
]GRID grid.69566.3a, ISNI 0000 0001 2248 6943, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine,
; Sendai, Japan
[1055
]GRID grid.260969.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2149 8846, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University
School of Medicine, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1056
]GRID grid.412764.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0372 3116, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St Marianna University School
of Medicine, ; Kawasaki, Japan
[1057
]GRID grid.412764.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0372 3116, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna
University School of Medicine, ; Kawasaki, Japan
[1058
]GRID grid.414958.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0569 1891, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, ; Kanazawa, Japan
[1059
]GRID grid.416614.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0374 0880, Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,
National Defense Medical College, ; Tokorozawa, Japan
[1060
]GRID grid.411497.e, ISNI 0000 0001 0672 2176, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University,
; Fukuoka, Japan
[1061
]GRID grid.411556.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0594 9821, Department of Infection Control, Fukuoka University Hospital, ; Fukuoka, Japan
[1062
]GRID grid.270560.6, ISNI 0000 0000 9225 8957, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1063
]GRID grid.415151.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0569 0055, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka Tokushukai Hospital, ; Kasuga, Japan
[1064
]GRID grid.415613.4, Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital
Organization Kyushu Medical Center, ; Fukuoka, Japan
[1065
]GRID grid.415613.4, Department of Respirology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, ; Fukuoka, Japan
[1069
]GRID grid.27476.30, ISNI 0000 0001 0943 978X, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine,
; Nagoya, Japan
[1070
]GRID grid.415120.3, ISNI 0000 0004 1772 3686, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujisawa City Hospital, ; Fujisawa, Japan
[1071
]GRID grid.415261.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0377 292X, Sapporo City General Hospital, ; Sapporo, Japan
[1072
]GRID grid.136304.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0370 1101, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School
of Medicine, ; Chiba, Japan
[1073
]GRID grid.416612.6, ISNI 0000 0004 1774 5826, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Social Welfare Organization Saiseikai Imperial Gift
Foundation, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, ; Kumamoto, Japan
[1074
]GRID grid.272458.e, ISNI 0000 0001 0667 4960, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University
of Medicine, ; Kyoto, Japan
[1077
]GRID grid.417363.4, Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine,
Yokohama-City Seibu Hospital, ; Yokohama, Japan
[1078
]GRID grid.417363.4, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University Yokohama-City
Seibu Hospital, ; Yokohama, Japan
[1079
]GRID grid.265061.6, ISNI 0000 0001 1516 6626, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of
Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1080
]GRID grid.265061.6, ISNI 0000 0001 1516 6626, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of
Medicine, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1081
]GRID grid.415538.e, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, ; Kumamoto, Japan
[1082
]GRID grid.412781.9, ISNI 0000 0004 1775 2495, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1083
]GRID grid.414929.3, ISNI 0000 0004 1763 7921, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1085
]GRID grid.416813.9, ISNI 0000 0004 1773 983X, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety Okayama Rosai Hospital, ; Okayama, Japan
[1086
]GRID grid.256342.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0370 4927, Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University School
of Medicine, ; Gifu, Japan
[1089
]GRID grid.177174.3, ISNI 0000 0001 2242 4849, Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences,
Kyushu University, ; Fukuoka, Japan
[1090
]GRID grid.177174.3, ISNI 0000 0001 2242 4849, Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School
of Medical Sciences, ; Fukuoka, Japan
[1091
]GRID grid.20515.33, ISNI 0000 0001 2369 4728, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tsukuba University, ; Tsukuba, Japan
[1092
]GRID grid.20515.33, ISNI 0000 0001 2369 4728, Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, ; Tsukuba, Japan
[1093
]GRID grid.20515.33, ISNI 0000 0001 2369 4728, Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, ; Tsukuba, Japan
[1096
]GRID grid.410714.7, ISNI 0000 0000 8864 3422, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Medicine, School of
Medicine, Showa University, ; Tokyo, Japan
[1097
]GRID grid.411582.b, ISNI 0000 0001 1017 9540, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, ; Fukushima, Japan
[1100
]GRID grid.417117.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1772 2755, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital,
; Tokyo, Japan
[1101
]GRID grid.411731.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0531 3030, Department of Respiratory Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare,
Shioya Hospital, ; Narita, Japan
[1102
]GRID grid.411731.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0531 3030, Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare,
Shioya Hospital, ; Narita, Japan
[1104
]GRID grid.256642.1, ISNI 0000 0000 9269 4097, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine,
; Maebashi, Japan
[1105
]GRID grid.410793.8, ISNI 0000 0001 0663 3325, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Ibaraki Medical Center,
; Tokyo, Japan
[1109
]GRID grid.4494.d, ISNI 0000 0000 9558 4598, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen,
; Groningen, The Netherlands
[1112
]GRID grid.4494.d, ISNI 0000 0000 9558 4598, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, ; Groningen, The Netherlands
[1113
]GRID grid.4494.d, ISNI 0000 0000 9558 4598, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, ; Groningen, The Netherlands
[1114
]GRID grid.17091.3e, ISNI 0000 0001 2288 9830, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, ; British Columbia, Canada
[1115
]GRID grid.17091.3e, ISNI 0000 0001 2288 9830, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, ; British Columbia, Canada
[1116
]GRID grid.421142.0, ISNI 0000 0000 8521 1798, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval,
Quebec, ; Quebec, Canada
[1117
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA
[1118
]GRID grid.34477.33, ISNI 0000000122986657, University of Washington, Global Health, ; Seattle, WA USA
[1120
]GRID grid.4494.d, ISNI 0000 0000 9558 4598, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen,
University of Groningen, ; Groningen, The Netherlands
[1121
]GRID grid.4494.d, ISNI 0000 0000 9558 4598, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen,
; Groningen, The Netherlands
[1122
]GRID grid.4494.d, ISNI 0000 0000 9558 4598, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Centre Groningen, University
of Groningen, ; Groningen, The Netherlands
[1123
]GRID grid.32224.35, ISNI 0000 0004 0386 9924, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, ; Boston, MA USA
[1125
]GRID grid.66859.34, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, ; Boston, MA USA
[1126
]GRID grid.62560.37, ISNI 0000 0004 0378 8294, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, ; Boston, MA USA
[1128
]GRID grid.32224.35, ISNI 0000 0004 0386 9924, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital, ; Boston, MA USA
[1129
]GRID grid.32224.35, ISNI 0000 0004 0386 9924, Department of Neurology, , Massachusetts General Hospital, ; Boston, MA USA
[1130
]GRID grid.32224.35, ISNI 0000 0004 0386 9924, Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department
of Medicine, ; Boston, MA USA
[1132
]GRID grid.214458.e, ISNI 0000000086837370, Department of Human Genetics, , University of Michigan, ; Ann Arbor, MI USA
[1133
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA
[1137
]GRID grid.416167.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0442 1996, Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized
Medicine, ; New York, NY USA
[1139
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, Department of Human Genetics, , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, ; Los Angeles, CA USA
[1140
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, Icahn School of Medicine,
; New York, NY USA
[1141
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine, ; New York, NY USA
[1142
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Department of Genetic and Genomic Sciences, , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA
[1143
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA
[1144
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA
[1146
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, ; New York, NY USA
[1147
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,
; New York, NY USA
[1148
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Department of Psychiatry, , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA
[1149
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA
[1150
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Genetic and Genomic Sciences, , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA
[1151
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA
[1152
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, Department of Human Genetics, , Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Institute for Precision Health, University
of California Los Angeles, ; Los Angeles, CA USA
[1153
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, The Hasso Plattner Institute of Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine
at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA
[1154
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, BioMe Phenomics Center, >Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA
[1155
]GRID grid.59734.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 2351, Department of Medicine, , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ; New York, NY USA
[1158
]GRID grid.280776.c, ISNI 0000 0004 0394 1447, Phenomic Analytics & Clinical Data Core, Geisinger Health System, ; Danville, PA USA
[1159
]GRID grid.280776.c, ISNI 0000 0004 0394 1447, Department of Population Health Sciences, , Geisinger Health System, ; Danville, PA USA
[1160
]GRID grid.280776.c, ISNI 0000 0004 0394 1447, Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Health System, ; Danville, PA USA
[1162
]GRID grid.25879.31, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8972, Department of Genetics, , University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, ; Philadelphia, PA USA
[1163
]GRID grid.168010.e, ISNI 0000000419368956, Department of Biomedical Data Science, , Stanford University, ; Stanford, CA USA
[1166
]GRID grid.10698.36, ISNI 0000000122483208, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ; Chapel Hill, USA
[1167
]GRID grid.10698.36, ISNI 0000000122483208, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ; Chapel Hill, USA
[1168
]GRID grid.8761.8, ISNI 0000 0000 9919 9582, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, ; Gothenburg, Sweden
[1169
]GRID grid.7605.4, ISNI 0000 0001 2336 6580, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, ; Turin, Italy
[1170
]GRID grid.7605.4, ISNI 0000 0001 2336 6580, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, ; Orbassano, Italy
[1171
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics,
, University of California Los Angeles, ; Los Angeles, CA USA
[1174
]GRID grid.8982.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1762 5736, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, ; Pavia, Italy
[1175
]GRID grid.7605.4, ISNI 0000 0001 2336 6580, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, ; Turin, Italy
[1176
]GRID grid.418818.c, ISNI 0000 0001 0516 2170, Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation,
Qatar Foundation, ; Doha, Qatar
[1177
]GRID grid.419210.f, ISNI 0000 0004 4648 9892, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, ; Riga, Latvia
[1178
]GRID grid.4714.6, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0626, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, ; Stockholm, Sweden
[1179
]GRID grid.419518.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2159 1813, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, ; Leipzig, Germany
[1180
]GRID grid.8993.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9457, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala
University, ; Uppsala, Sweden
[1181
]GRID grid.8993.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9457, Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, ; Uppsala, Sweden
[1182
]GRID grid.8993.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9457, Hedenstierna Laboratory, CIRRUS, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department
of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, ; Uppsala, Sweden
[1183
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, Department of Computer Science, , School of Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, ; Los Angeles, CA USA
[1184
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, University of California Los Angeles, ; Los Angeles, CA USA
[1185
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, , David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, ; Los Angeles, CA USA
[1186
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, University of California Los Angeles,
; Los Angeles, CA USA
[1187
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, Department of Psychiatry, , University of California Los Angeles, ; Los Angeles, CA USA
[1188
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, Department of Neurology, , University of California Los Angeles, ; Los Angeles, CA USA
[1189
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, Department of Computational Medicine, , University of California Los Angeles, ; Los Angeles, CA USA
[1190
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, , University of California Los Angeles, ; Los Angeles, CA USA
[1191
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, Bioinformatics IDP, UCLA, ; Los Angeles, CA USA
[1192
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, Department of Neurology, , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, ; Los Angeles, CA USA
[1193
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, Department of Urology, , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, ; Los Angeles, CA USA
[1196
]GRID grid.83440.3b, ISNI 0000000121901201, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, ; London, UK
[1199
]GRID grid.4991.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8948, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Li Ka Shing Centre for
Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, ; Oxford, UK
[1201
]GRID grid.8348.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2306 7492, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital,
University of Oxford, ; Oxford, UK
[1202
]GRID grid.120073.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0622 5016, Public Health England, Field Service, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, ; Cambridge, UK
[1203
]GRID grid.271308.f, ISNI 0000 0004 5909 016X, Public Health England, Data and Analytical Services, National Infection Service, ; London, UK
[1204
]GRID grid.38142.3c, ISNI 000000041936754X, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Harvard Medical School, ; Boston, MA USA
[1205
]GRID grid.38142.3c, ISNI 000000041936754X, Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, ; Boston, MA USA
[1207
]GRID grid.253615.6, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9510, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, , George Washington University, ; Washington, DC USA
[1208
]GRID grid.10306.34, ISNI 0000 0004 0606 5382, Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus,
Hinxton, ; Cambridge, UK
[1209
]GRID grid.5335.0, ISNI 0000000121885934, Strangeways Research Laboratory, The National Institute for Health Research Blood
and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, ; Cambridge, UK
[1210
]GRID grid.5335.0, ISNI 0000000121885934, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, ; Cambridge, UK
[1211
]GRID grid.5335.0, ISNI 0000000121885934, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health
and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, ; Cambridge, UK
[1212
]GRID grid.5335.0, ISNI 0000000121885934, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, ; Cambridge, UK
[1213
]GRID grid.5335.0, ISNI 0000000121885934, The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor
Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, ; Cambridge, UK
[1214
]GRID grid.5335.0, ISNI 0000000121885934, Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge,
; Cambridge, UK
[1215
]GRID grid.10306.34, ISNI 0000 0004 0606 5382, Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, ; Hinxton, UK
[1216
]GRID grid.189967.8, ISNI 0000 0001 0941 6502, Department of Epidemiology, , Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, ; North Druid Hills, GA USA
[1218
]GRID grid.410370.1, ISNI 0000 0004 4657 1992, Center for Population Genomics, MAVERIC, VA Boston Healthcare System, ; Boston, MA USA
[1219
]GRID grid.410370.1, ISNI 0000 0004 4657 1992, MAVERIC, VA Boston Healthcare System, ; Boston, MA USA
[1222
]GRID grid.189504.1, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7558, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, ; Boston, MA USA
[1223
]GRID grid.415844.8, Department of Haematology, Central Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), ; Bolzano, Italy
[1226
]GRID grid.512891.6, University of Alcalá, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias
(CIBERES), ; Madrid, Spain
[1227
]GRID grid.239552.a, ISNI 0000 0001 0680 8770, Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, ; Philadelphia, PA USA
[1228
]GRID grid.25879.31, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8972, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine,
, University of Pennsylvania, ; Philadelphia, PA USA
[1229
]GRID grid.14013.37, ISNI 0000 0004 0640 0021, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, ; Reykjavik, Iceland
[1232
]GRID grid.158820.6, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 2611, Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environment Sciences, University
of L’Aquila, ; L’Aquila, Italy
[1234
]GRID grid.415194.c, ISNI 0000 0004 1759 6488, Unit of Infectious Diseases, S. M. Annunziata Hospital, ; Florence, Italy
[1236
]GRID grid.5395.a, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 3729, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, University
of Pisa, ; Pisa, Italy
[1238
]GRID grid.8142.f, ISNI 0000 0001 0941 3192, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, ; Rome, Italy
[1239
]GRID grid.8142.f, ISNI 0000 0001 0941 3192, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical
Biochemistry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University
of the Sacred Heart, ; Rome, Italy
[1240
]GRID grid.445903.f, ISNI 0000 0004 0444 9999, Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, ; Triesen, Liechtenstein
[1241
]GRID grid.411109.c, ISNI 0000 0000 9542 1158, Digestive Diseases Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine
of Seville, University of Seville, ; Seville, Spain
[1242
]GRID grid.411083.f, ISNI 0000 0001 0675 8654, Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, ; Barcelona, Spain
[1244
]GRID grid.414816.e, ISNI 0000 0004 1773 7922, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, ; Sevilla, Spain
[1245
]GRID grid.411109.c, ISNI 0000 0000 9542 1158, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, ; Sevilla, Spain
[1246
]GRID grid.4711.3, ISNI 0000 0001 2183 4846, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas, ; Madrid, Spain
[1247
]GRID grid.417728.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1756 8807, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, ; Milan, Italy
[1248
]GRID grid.438280.5, Immunohematology Department, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Autonomous University of Barcelona,
; Barcelona, Spain
[1249
]August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona,
Barcelona, Spain
[1250
]GRID grid.4708.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 2822, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano,
; Milan, Italy
[1251
]GRID grid.411109.c, ISNI 0000 0000 9542 1158, Internal Medicine Department, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, ; Sevilla, Spain
[1253
]GRID grid.7563.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2174 1754, Department Emergency, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Milano-Bicocca, ; Monza, Italy
[1254
]GRID grid.7605.4, ISNI 0000 0001 2336 6580, Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, ; Turin, Italy
[1255
]GRID grid.52522.32, ISNI 0000 0004 0627 3560, Department of Medical Microbiology, Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St Olav’s Hospital,
; Trondheim, Norway
[1256
]GRID grid.52522.32, ISNI 0000 0004 0627 3560, Department of Infectious Diseases, St Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital,
; Trondheim, Norway
[1257
]GRID grid.5947.f, ISNI 0000 0001 1516 2393, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, ; Trondheim, Norway
[1258
]GRID grid.52522.32, ISNI 0000 0004 0627 3560, Department of Research, St Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, ; Trondheim, Norway
[1259
]GRID grid.429021.c, ISNI 0000 0004 1775 8774, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, ; Granada, Spain
[1260
]GRID grid.4562.5, ISNI 0000 0001 0057 2672, Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, ; Lübeck, Germany
[1261
]German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel,
Lübeck, Germany
[1262
]GRID grid.412468.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0646 2097, University Heart Center Lübeck, ; Lübeck, Germany
[1263
]GRID grid.412938.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0627 3923, Department of Research, Ostfold Hospital Trust, ; Gralum, Norway
[1264
]Pediatric Departement, Centro Tettamanti- European Reference Network (ERN) PaedCan,
EuroBloodNet, MetabERN-University of Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale San Gerardo,
Milan, Italy
[1265
]GRID grid.5947.f, ISNI 0000 0001 1516 2393, Geminicenter for Sepsis Research, Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging (ISB),
NTNU, ; Trondheim, Norway
[1266
]GRID grid.52522.32, ISNI 0000 0004 0627 3560, Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, St Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University
Hospital, ; Trondheim, Norway
[1267
]GRID grid.414625.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0627 3093, Clinic of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trondelag Hospital
Trust, ; Levanger, Norway
[1269
]GRID grid.7563.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2174 1754, Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, and Bioimaging, School of Medicine and Surgery,
University of Milano Bicocca, ; Milan, Italy
[1270
]GRID grid.7563.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2174 1754, Phase 1 Research Centre, ASST Monza, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of
Milano-Bicocca, ; Milan, Italy
[1271
]GRID grid.7563.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2174 1754, Pneumologia ASST-Monza, University of Milano-Bicocca, ; Milano, Italy
[1272
]GRID grid.7563.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2174 1754, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, ; Milano, Italy
[1273
]GRID grid.415025.7, ISNI 0000 0004 1756 8604, Infectious Diseases Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ; Monza, Italy
[1276
]GRID grid.66859.34, Present Address: Program in Metabolism, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, ; Cambridge, MA USA
[1277
]GRID grid.66859.34, Present Address: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT
and Harvard, ; Cambridge, MA USA
Article
Publisher ID: 3767DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03767-x
PMC ID: 8674144
PubMed ID: 34237774
SO-VID: 30b8d533-46f1-4112-9836-8f18fb7c0a02
Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021
License:
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
History
Date
received
: 2
March
2021
Date
accepted
: 23
June
2021
Categories
Subject:
Article
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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized