Effects of food price on nutrition outcomes among women in Nigeria

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Abstract

Nutrition outcomes (undernutrition, overweight, and obesity) among women are growing concerns across the globe. Currently, the rate of undernutrition and overweight among women in Nigeria is ranked among the highest in Africa. A major contributory factor reported is unstable food prices in the country. This study, therefore, examined the effects of food prices on nutrition outcomes among women in Nigeria. Secondary datasets retrieved from two different sources were used for this study. Cross‐sectional data on weight and height for women were obtained from Nigeria Health Demographic Survey (NHDS). Data on monthly prices of the selected food items were obtained from the Nigeria Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The data were categorized into energy dense (yam tuber, garri, rice, and maize) and nutrient dense (egg, beef, and chicken). Multinomial logit regression was used to estimate the relationship between the prices of energy and nutrient‐dense food prices concerning respondents' personal and environmental characteristics such as age, wealth status, and region; as well as the three nutrition outcomes for women (undernutrition, overnutrition, and obesity). This study revealed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among women was 19.9% and 10.3%, respectively. Nutrition outcomes (obesity and overweight) were positively correlated with the price of energy‐dense food with 0.2% and 0.3%, respectively. Nutrient‐dense food price is negatively correlated with undernutrition with a probability of 0.1%. The study recommends that food policy instruments such as food prices and subsidies can be introduced to favor the consumption of healthier food to stem the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria.

Abstract

The data were categorized into energy dense (yam tuber, garri, rice, and maize) and nutrient dense (egg, beef, and chicken). Multinomial logit regression was used to estimate the relationship between the prices of energy and nutrient‐dense food prices concerning respondents' personal and environmental characteristics such as age, wealth status, and region.

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Most cited references 51

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Food prices and obesity: evidence and policy implications for taxes and subsidies.

Frank J. Chaloupka, M Powell (2009)

Pricing policies have been posited as potential policy instruments to address the increasing prevalence of obesity. This article examines whether altering the cost of unhealthy, energy-dense foods, compared with healthy, less-dense foods through the use of fiscal pricing (tax or subsidy) policy instruments would, in fact, change food consumption patterns and overall diet enough to significantly reduce individuals' weight outcomes. This article examined empirical evidence regarding the food and restaurant price sensitivity of weight outcomes based on a literature search to identify peer-reviewed English-language articles published between 1990 and 2008. Studies were identified from the Medline, PubMed, Econlit, and PAIS databases. The fifteen search combinations used the terms obesity, body mass index, and BMI each in combination with the terms price, prices, tax, taxation, and subsidy. The studies reviewed showed that when statistically significant associations were found between food and restaurant prices (taxes) and weight outcomes, the effects were generally small in magnitude, although in some cases they were larger for low-socioeconomic status (SES) populations and for those at risk for overweight or obesity. The limited existing evidence suggests that small taxes or subsidies are not likely to produce significant changes in BMI or obesity prevalence but that nontrivial pricing interventions may have some measurable effects on Americans' weight outcomes, particularly for children and adolescents, low-SES populations, and those most at risk for overweight. Additional research is needed to be able to draw strong policy conclusions regarding the effectiveness of fiscal-pricing interventions aimed at reducing obesity.

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Availability, affordability, and consumption of fruits and vegetables in 18 countries across income levels: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study

Barry M. Popkin, Victoria Miller, Salim Yusuf … (2016)

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The effect of rising food prices on food consumption: systematic review with meta-regression

Rosemary Green, Laura Cornelsen, Alan D Dangour … (2013)

Objective To quantify the relation between food prices and the demand for food with specific reference to national and household income levels. Design Systematic review with meta-regression. Data sources Online databases of peer reviewed and grey literature (ISI Web of Science, EconLit, PubMed, Medline, AgEcon, Agricola, Google, Google Scholar, IdeasREPEC, Eldis, USAID, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, World Bank, International Food Policy Research Institute), hand searched reference lists, and contact with authors. Study selection We included cross sectional, cohort, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies with English abstracts. Eligible studies used nationally representative data from 1990 onwards derived from national aggregate data sources, household surveys, or supermarket and home scanners. Data analysis The primary outcome extracted from relevant papers was the quantification of the demand for foods in response to changes in food price (own price food elasticities). Descriptive and study design variables were extracted for use as covariates in analysis. We conducted meta-regressions to assess the effect of income levels between and within countries on the strength of the relation between food price and demand, and predicted price elasticities adjusted for differences across studies. Results 136 studies reporting 3495 own price food elasticities from 162 different countries were identified. Our models predict that increases in the price of all foods result in greater reductions in food consumption in poor countries: in low and high income countries, respectively, a 1% increase in the price of cereals results in reductions in consumption of 0.61% (95% confidence interval 0.56% to 0.66%) and 0.43% (0.36% to 0.48%), and a 1% increase in the price of meat results in reductions in consumption of 0.78% (0.73% to 0.83%) and 0.60% (0.54% to 0.66%). Within all countries, our models predict that poorer households will be the most adversely affected by increases in food prices. Conclusions Changes in global food prices will have a greater effect on food consumption in lower income countries and in poorer households within countries. This has important implications for national responses to increases in food prices and for the definition of policies designed to reduce the global burden of undernutrition.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Prabhu Paramasivam:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2397-0873

prabhu.paramasivam@meu.edu.et

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Food Sci Nutr

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Food Sci Nutr

Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)2048-7177

Journal ID (publisher-id): FSN3

Title: Food Science & Nutrition

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )

ISSN (Electronic): 2048-7177

Publication date (Electronic): 03 October 2023

Publication date Collection: January 2024

Volume: 12

Issue: 1 ( doiID: 10.1002/fsn3.v12.1 )

Pages: 94-104

Affiliations

[ ¹ ] Department of Agricultural Economics, Open and Distance Learning Centre Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria

[ ² ] Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria

[ ³ ] Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria

[ ⁴ ] Open and Distance Learning Centre Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria

[ ⁵ ] Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology Mattu University Mettu Ethiopia

Author notes

[*] [* ] Correspondence

Prabhu Paramasivam, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Mattu University, Mettu‐318, Ethiopia.

Email: prabhu.paramasivam@ 123456meu.edu.et

Author information

Prabhu Paramasivam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2397-0873

Article

Publisher ID: FSN33737 Other ID: FSN3-2023-04-0579.R2

DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3737

PMC ID: 10804117

PubMed ID: 38268895

SO-VID: 2fdfd972-5d0d-4d0e-b137-44d845116e40

License:

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date revision received : 14 September 2023

Date received : 13 April 2023

Date accepted : 18 September 2023

Page count

Figures: 5, Tables: 4, Pages: 11, Words: 7073

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source-schema-version-number 2.0

cover-date January 2024

details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.3.6 mode:remove_FC converted:23.01.2024

Keywords: food price,nutrition and r packages,obesity,overweight,underweight,women

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Keywords: food price, nutrition and r packages, obesity, overweight, underweight, women

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Effects of food price on nutrition outcomes among women in Nigeria

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Most cited references 51

Food prices and obesity: evidence and policy implications for taxes and subsidies.

Availability, affordability, and consumption of fruits and vegetables in 18 countries across income levels: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study

The effect of rising food prices on food consumption: systematic review with meta-regression

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