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      Post-traumatic stress disorder vs traumatic brain injury Translated title: Trastorno por estrés postraumático versus daño cerebral traumático Translated title: L'état de stress post-traumatique versus lésion cérébrale traumatique

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          Abstract

          Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) often coexist because brain injuries are often sustained in traumatic experiences. This review outlines the significant overlap between PTSD and TBI by commencing with a critical outline of the overlapping symptoms and problems of differential diagnosis. The impact of TBI on PTSD is then described, with increasing evidence suggesting that mild TBI can increase risk for PTSD. Several explanations are offered for this enhanced risk. Recent evidence suggests that impairment secondary to mild TBI is largely attributable to stress reactions after TBI, which challenges the long-held belief that postconcussive symptoms are a function of neurological insult This recent evidence is pointing to new directions for treatment of postconcussive symptoms that acknowledge that treating stress factors following TBI may be the optimal means to manage the effects of many TBIs,

          Translated abstract

          Con frecuencia el trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT)y el daño cerebral traumático (DCT) coexisten, ya que las lesiones cerebrales a menudo son parte de las experiencias traumáticas. Esta revisión esquematiza la sobreposición significativa entre TEPTy DCT comenzando con un resumen crítico de los síntomas que se sobreponen y de los problemas en el diagnóstico diferencial. A continuación se describe el impacto del DCT en el TEPTy se señala que hay una evidencia creciente que sugiere que el DCT leve puede aumentar el riesgo de TEPT. Se ofrecen algunas explicaciones para este incremento del riesgo. Hay evidencia reciente que propone que el deterioro secundario al DCT leve se puede atribuir en forma importante a las reacciones de estrés después del DCT, lo que desafía la antigua creencia de que los síntomas post contusionales se producen a raíz del daño neuroiógico. Esta evidencia reciente está apuntando hacia nuevas orientaciones para el tratamiento de los síntomas post contusionales, reconociendo así que el manejo de los factores de estrés después de un DCT puede ser la forma óptima de abordar los efectos de muchos DCTs.

          Translated abstract

          L'état de stress post-traumatique (ESPT) et la lésion cérébrale traumatique (LCT) coexistent souvent car la survenue de lésions cérébrales est souvent retardée lors des événements traumatjques. Cet article souligne le chevauchement significatif entre l'ESPT et les LCT en débutant par une description indispensable des symptômes communs et des problèmes liés au diagnostic différentiel. L'influence de la LCT sur l'ESPT est ensuite décrite, de plus en plus d'arguments suggérant qu'une légère LCT augmenterait le risque d'ESPT, ce qui s'explique de différents façons : d'après des résultats récents, le déficit secondaire à une légère LCT est largement attribuable aux réactions de stress après la LCT, ce qui contredit une croyance ancienne selon laquelle les symptômes post-commotionnels sont fonction d'une lésion neurologique. Ceci ouvre de nouvelles voies de traitement des symptômes post-commotionnels, traiter les facteurs de stress après une LCT s'avérant peut-être le meilleur moyen de prendre en charge les effets des LCT.

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          Most cited references163

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          World Health Organization.

          Ala Alwan (2007)
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            Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey.

            Data were obtained on the general population epidemiology of DSM-III-R posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including information on estimated life-time prevalence, the kinds of traumas most often associated with PTSD, sociodemographic correlates, the comorbidity of PTSD with other lifetime psychiatric disorders, and the duration of an index episode. Modified versions of the DSM-III-R PTSD module from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview were administered to a representative national sample of 5877 persons aged 15 to 54 years in the part II subsample of the National Comorbidity Survey. The estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD is 7.8%. Prevalence is elevated among women and the previously married. The traumas most commonly associated with PTSD are combat exposure and witnessing among men and rape and sexual molestation among women. Posttraumatic stress disorder is strongly comorbid with other lifetime DSM-III-R disorders. Survival analysis shows that more than one third of people with an index episode of PTSD fail to recover even after many years. Posttraumatic stress disorder is more prevalent than previously believed, and is often persistent. Progress in estimating age-at-onset distributions, cohort effects, and the conditional probabilities of PTSD from different types of trauma will require future epidemiologic studies to assess PTSD for all lifetime traumas rather than for only a small number of retrospectively reported "most serious" traumas.
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              A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
                Journal
                Dialogues Clin Neurosci
                Dialogues Clin Neurosci
                Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
                Les Laboratoires Servier (France )
                1294-8322
                1958-5969
                September 2011
                September 2011
                : 13
                : 3
                : 251-262
                Affiliations
                School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
                Author notes
                Article
                10.31887/DCNS.2011.13.2/rbryant
                3182010
                22034252
                2b9b03fe-61ee-4b7b-a6d6-900704ec4e6f
                Copyright: © 2011 LLS

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                State of the Art

                Neurosciences
                traumatic brain injury,postconcussive syndrome,trauma,post-traumatic stress disorder

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