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      Concentration of Mercury in the Livers of Small Terrestrial Rodents from Rural Areas in Poland

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          Abstract

          Small terrestrial mammals could be used as accumulative biomonitors of different environmental contaminants, but the knowledge of the level of Hg in their bodies is scant. The aim of our research was to verify the factors influencing Hg bioaccumulation and to analyze the concentration of total mercury (Hg) in the livers of four species of wild terrestrial rodents from different rural areas of Poland: the yellow-necked mouse ( Apodemus flavicollis), striped field mouse ( Apodemus agrarius), common vole ( Microtus arvalis), and bank vole ( Myodes glareolus). The concentration of total Hg was analyzed in liver tissue by atomic absorption spectrometry using a direct mercury analyzer. The concentration of Hg found in the livers of rodents ranged from <1 to 36.4 µg/kg of wet weight, differed between study sites, species, and sexes, and was related to body weight. We addressed feeding habits as potential causes of differences in liver Hg concentration among species.

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          Mercury as a Global Pollutant: Sources, Pathways, and Effects

          Charles Driscoll, Robert P Mason, Laurie Chan … (2013)
          Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that affects human and ecosystem health. We synthesize understanding of sources, atmosphere-land-ocean Hg dynamics and health effects, and consider the implications of Hg-control policies. Primary anthropogenic Hg emissions greatly exceed natural geogenic sources, resulting in increases in Hg reservoirs and subsequent secondary Hg emissions that facilitate its global distribution. The ultimate fate of emitted Hg is primarily recalcitrant soil pools and deep ocean waters and sediments. Transfers of Hg emissions to largely unavailable reservoirs occur over the time scale of centuries, and are primarily mediated through atmospheric exchanges of wet/dry deposition and evasion from vegetation, soil organic matter and ocean surfaces. A key link between inorganic Hg inputs and exposure of humans and wildlife is the net production of methylmercury, which occurs mainly in reducing zones in freshwater, terrestrial, and coastal environments, and the subsurface ocean. Elevated human exposure to methylmercury primarily results from consumption of estuarine and marine fish. Developing fetuses are most at risk from this neurotoxin but health effects of highly exposed populations and wildlife are also a concern. Integration of Hg science with national and international policy efforts is needed to target efforts and evaluate efficacy.
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            Ecological effects, transport, and fate of mercury: a general review

            Dean W. Boening (2000)
            Chemosphere, 40(12), 1335-1351
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              ICP/MS and ICP/AES elemental analysis (38 elements) of edible wild mushrooms growing in Poland.

              L Bielawski, K. Szymczyk, A Frankowska … (2001)
              Thirty-eight elements, including toxic cadmium, lead, mercury, silver and thallium, were determined in 18 species of wild edible mushrooms collected from several sites in Pomorskie Voivodeship in northern Poland in 1994. Elements were determined by double focused high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), after wet digestion of the dried samples with concentrated nitric acid in closed PTFE vessels using a microwave oven. K, P and Mg were present at levels of mg/g dry matter; Na, Zn, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mn, Rb, Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cs, Sr, Al and Si were present at microg/g levels, while Tl, In, Bi, Th, U, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, La, Lu and Ba were present at ng/g levels.
              Article 0 comments Cited 47 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Giuseppe Scarponi: Role: Academic Editor
                Silvia Illuminati: Role: Academic Editor
                Anna Annibaldi: Role: Academic Editor
                Cristina Truzzi: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 November 2019
                Publication date Collection: November 2019
                Volume: 24
                Issue: 22
                Electronic Location Identifier: 4108
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; agnieszka.nawrocka@ 123456piwet.pulawy.pl (A.N.); aleksandra.filipek@ 123456piwet.pulawy.pl (A.F.); aposyn@ 123456piwet.pulawy.pl (A.P.)
                [2 ]Department of Swine Diseases; National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; jaca@ 123456piwet.pulawy.pl
                [3 ]Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Centre, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 2, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; marcinniem@ 123456wihe.pulawy.pl
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: maciej.durkalec@ 123456piwet.pulawy.pl ; Tel.: +48-81-889-3165
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6036-7953
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-24-04108
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224108
                PMC ID: 6891690
                PubMed ID: 31739423
                SO-VID: 272d5064-40a4-4bb9-9fc6-ee24dc8ced53
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 17 October 2019
                Date accepted : 12 November 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: total mercury,liver,wild rodents,bank vole,common vole,yellow-necked mouse,striped field mouse
                Data availability:
                Keywords: total mercury, liver, wild rodents, bank vole, common vole, yellow-necked mouse, striped field mouse

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