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      Single-molecule detection of biomarker and localized cellular photothermal therapy using an optical microfiber with nanointerface

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          Abstract

          An optical microfiber with nanointerface is developed for single-molecule detection and cellular photothermal therapy.

          Abstract

          For early-stage diagnostics, there is a strong demand for sensors that can rapidly detect biomarkers at ultralow concentration or even at the single-molecule level. Compared with other types of sensors, optical microfibers are more convenient for use as point-of-care devices in early-stage diagnostics. However, the relatively low sensitivity strongly hinders their use. To this end, an optical microfiber is functionalized with a plasmonic nanointerface consisting of black phosphorus–supported Au nanohybrids. The microfiber is able to detect epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB2) at concentrations ranging from 10 zM to 100 nM, with a detection limit of 6.72 zM, enabling detection at the single-molecule level. The nanointerface-sensitized microfiber is capable of differentiating cancer cells from normal cells and treating cancer cells through cellular photothermal therapy. This work opens up a possible approach for the integration of cellular diagnosis and treatment.

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          Highly anisotropic and robust excitons in monolayer black phosphorus.

          Xiaomu Wang, Aaron M Jones, Kyle L. Seyler … (2015)
          Semi-metallic graphene and semiconducting monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides are the most intensively studied two-dimensional materials of recent years. Lately, black phosphorus has emerged as a promising new two-dimensional material due to its widely tunable and direct bandgap, high carrier mobility and remarkable in-plane anisotropic electrical, optical and phonon properties. However, current progress is primarily limited to its thin-film form. Here, we reveal highly anisotropic and strongly bound excitons in monolayer black phosphorus using polarization-resolved photoluminescence measurements at room temperature. We show that, regardless of the excitation laser polarization, the emitted light from the monolayer is linearly polarized along the light effective mass direction and centres around 1.3 eV, a clear signature of emission from highly anisotropic bright excitons. Moreover, photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy suggests a quasiparticle bandgap of 2.2 eV, from which we estimate an exciton binding energy of ∼0.9 eV, consistent with theoretical results based on first principles. The experimental observation of highly anisotropic, bright excitons with large binding energy not only opens avenues for the future explorations of many-electron physics in this unusual two-dimensional material, but also suggests its promising future in optoelectronic devices.
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            Sensitive optical biosensors for unlabeled targets: a review.

            Xudong Fan, Ian M White, Siyka I Shopova … (2008)
            This article reviews the recent progress in optical biosensors that use the label-free detection protocol, in which biomolecules are unlabeled or unmodified, and are detected in their natural forms. In particular, it will focus on the optical biosensors that utilize the refractive index change as the sensing transduction signal. Various optical label-free biosensing platforms will be introduced, including, but not limited to, surface plasmon resonance, interferometers, waveguides, fiber gratings, ring resonators, and photonic crystals. Emphasis will be given to the description of optical structures and their respective sensing mechanisms. Examples of detecting various types of biomolecules will be presented. Wherever possible, the sensing performance of each optical structure will be evaluated and compared in terms of sensitivity and detection limit.
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              Fast and broadband photoresponse of few-layer black phosphorus field-effect transistors.

              Michele Buscema, Dirk J Groenendijk, Sofya Blanter … (2014)
              Few-layer black phosphorus, a new elemental two-dimensional (2D) material recently isolated by mechanical exfoliation, is a high-mobility layered semiconductor with a direct bandgap that is predicted to strongly depend on the number of layers, from 0.35 eV (bulk) to 2.0 eV (single layer). Therefore, black phosphorus is an appealing candidate for tunable photodetection from the visible to the infrared part of the spectrum. We study the photoresponse of field-effect transistors (FETs) made of few-layer black phosphorus (3-8 nm thick), as a function of excitation wavelength, power, and frequency. In the dark state, the black phosphorus FETs can be tuned both in hole and electron doping regimes allowing for ambipolar operation. We measure mobilities in the order of 100 cm(2)/V s and a current ON/OFF ratio larger than 10(3). Upon illumination, the black phosphorus transistors show a response to excitation wavelengths from the visible region up to 940 nm and a rise time of about 1 ms, demonstrating broadband and fast detection. The responsivity reaches 4.8 mA/W, and it could be drastically enhanced by engineering a detector based on a PN junction. The ambipolar behavior coupled to the fast and broadband photodetection make few-layer black phosphorus a promising 2D material for photodetection across the visible and near-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Adv
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Adv
                Journal ID (publisher-id): SciAdv
                Journal ID (hwp): advances
                Title: Science Advances
                Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
                ISSN (Electronic): 2375-2548
                Publication date Collection: December 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 December 2019
                Volume: 5
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: eaax4659
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
                [2 ]School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Email: yingyueabc@ 123456126.com (Y.H.); tguanbo@ 123456jnu.edu.cn (B.-O.G.)
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4193-3440
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7528-1001
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-2431
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3846-0187
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3790-2986
                Article
                Publisher ID: aax4659
                DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4659
                PMC ID: 6991926
                PubMed ID: 32064314
                SO-VID: 2634ca8e-650d-4589-bf37-a9e0f1e3a58c
                Copyright © Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 26 March 2019
                Date accepted : 04 November 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 51773084
                Funded by: doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: U1701268
                Funded by: doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 61805106
                Funded by: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities;
                Award ID: 21617420
                Funded by: Guangdong Natural Science Foundation;
                Award ID: 2018A030313677
                Funded by: Municipal College Research Program of Guangzhou Education Bureau;
                Award ID: 1201610202
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Research Articles
                Subject: SciAdv r-articles
                Subject: Materials Science
                Subject: Optics
                Subject: Applied Sciences and Engineering
                Custom metadata
                Copyeditor Sef Rio

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