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      Resveratrol Promotes Self-digestion to Put Cancer to Sleep

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          Abstract

          Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol present in a variety of food stuff, has been shown to exert preventive and curative anticancer activity in several in vitro and in vivo models. Such chemopreventive/anticancer activity has been linked to biochemical and epigenetic modifications of multiple pathways involved in carcinogenesis and metastasization. In this commentary, we focus on the recent work done in our laboratory showing that resveratrol has potential to prevent and cure cancer by promoting epigenetic-mediated autophagy-dependent tumor dormancy, an effect associated with re-education of the cancer-associated fibroblasts and reduced production of inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. The clinical translation of the current knowledge on resveratrol anticancer activity is also discussed.

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          Hallmarks of Cancer: New Dimensions

          The hallmarks of cancer conceptualization is a heuristic tool for distilling the vast complexity of cancer phenotypes and genotypes into a provisional set of underlying principles. As knowledge of cancer mechanisms has progressed, other facets of the disease have emerged as potential refinements. Herein, the prospect is raised that phenotypic plasticity and disrupted differentiation is a discrete hallmark capability, and that nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming and polymorphic microbiomes both constitute distinctive enabling characteristics that facilitate the acquisition of hallmark capabilities. Additionally, senescent cells, of varying origins, may be added to the roster of functionally important cell types in the tumor microenvironment. SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer is daunting in the breadth and scope of its diversity, spanning genetics, cell and tissue biology, pathology, and response to therapy. Ever more powerful experimental and computational tools and technologies are providing an avalanche of "big data" about the myriad manifestations of the diseases that cancer encompasses. The integrative concept embodied in the hallmarks of cancer is helping to distill this complexity into an increasingly logical science, and the provisional new dimensions presented in this perspective may add value to that endeavor, to more fully understand mechanisms of cancer development and malignant progression, and apply that knowledge to cancer medicine.
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            The Role of Resveratrol in Cancer Therapy

            Natural product compounds have recently attracted significant attention from the scientific community for their potent effects against inflammation-driven diseases, including cancer. A significant amount of research, including preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies, has indicated that dietary consumption of polyphenols, found at high levels in cereals, pulses, vegetables, and fruits, may prevent the evolution of an array of diseases, including cancer. Cancer development is a carefully orchestrated progression where normal cells acquires mutations in their genetic makeup, which cause the cells to continuously grow, colonize, and metastasize to other organs such as the liver, lungs, colon, and brain. Compounds that modulate these oncogenic processes can be considered as potential anti-cancer agents that may ultimately make it to clinical application. Resveratrol, a natural stilbene and a non-flavonoid polyphenol, is a phytoestrogen that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. It has been reported that resveratrol can reverse multidrug resistance in cancer cells, and, when used in combination with clinically used drugs, it can sensitize cancer cells to standard chemotherapeutic agents. Several novel analogs of resveratrol have been developed with improved anti-cancer activity, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profile. The current focus of this review is resveratrol’s in vivo and in vitro effects in a variety of cancers, and intracellular molecular targets modulated by this polyphenol. This is also accompanied by a comprehensive update of the various clinical trials that have demonstrated it to be a promising therapeutic and chemopreventive agent.
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              The therapeutic potential of resveratrol: a review of clinical trials

              Resveratrol is a nutraceutical with several therapeutic effects. It has been shown to mimic effects of caloric restriction, exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, and affect the initiation and progression of many diseases through several mechanisms. While there is a wealth of in vitro and in vivo evidence that resveratrol could be a promising therapeutic agent, clinical trials must confirm its potential. In this work, we reviewed the current clinical data available regarding the pharmacological action of resveratrol. Most of the clinical trials of resveratrol have focused on cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and obesity. We found that for neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, the current clinical trials show that resveratrol was well tolerated and beneficially influenced disease biomarkers. However resveratrol had ambiguous and sometimes even detrimental effects in certain types of cancers and in NAFLD. In most of the clinical trials, the major obstacle presented was resveratrol’s poor bioavailability. Thus, this work provides useful considerations for the planning and design of future pre-clinical and clinical research on resveratrol.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Cancer Prev
                J Cancer Prev
                Journal of Cancer Prevention
                Korean Society of Cancer Prevention
                2288-3649
                2288-3657
                30 March 2024
                29 March 2024
                29 March 2024
                : 29
                : 1
                : 1-5
                Affiliations
                [1]Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7192-9672
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3159-0464
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5494-3034
                Article
                jcp-29-1-1
                10.15430/JCP.24.001
                10982519
                38567110
                22587f11-7bc5-4b40-91ab-889e6b51dbf5
                Copyright © 2024 Korean Society of Cancer Prevention

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 8 January 2024
                : 15 January 2024
                : 15 January 2024
                Categories
                Commentary

                natural products,dormancy,autophagy,cytokines,tumor microenvironment

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