Mah Asombang:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7455-4255
Role: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Anna Helova:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2177-756X
Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Jenala Chipungu: Role: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Anjali Sharma:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8189-0732
Role: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Gilles Wandeler: Role: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Jeremy C. Kane:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-3840
Role: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Janet M. Turan:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6206
Role: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Helen Smith:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6252-3793
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Project administrationRole:
Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Michael J. Vinikoor:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3862-7795
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole:
Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Roopa Shivashankar: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLOS Glob Public Health
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLOS Glob Public Health
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLOS Global Public Health
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
2767-3375
Publication date
(Electronic):
25
May
2022
Publication date Collection: 2022
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Electronic Location Identifier: e0000240
Affiliations
[1
]
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
[2
]
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United
States of America
[3
]
Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine,
University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
[4
]
Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, United States
of America
[5
]
Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, United Kingdom
[6
]
School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
of America
Indian Council of Medical Research, INDIA
Author notes
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Authors Jenala Chipungu
and Michael Vinikoor were unavailable to confirm their authorship contributions. On
their behalf, the corresponding author has reported their contributions to the best
of their knowledge.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PGPH-D-21-00538
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000240
PMC ID: 10021288
PubMed ID: 36962202
SO-VID: 21d0687d-2024-4d0a-a257-129e0713bf86
License:
This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced,
distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any
lawful purpose. The work is made available under the
Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000060, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases;
Award ID: U01AI069924
Award Recipient
:
Gilles Wandeler
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000027, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism;
Award ID: K01AA026523
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-3840
Jeremy Kane
Funded by:
Fogarty International Center at the United States National Institutes of Health
Award ID: K01TW009998
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3862-7795
Michael Vinikoor
Funded by:
The Mary Fisher Foundation, the University of Alabama (UAB) Sparkman Center and Center
for AIDS Research (CFAR)
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2177-756X
Anna Helova
This research was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
under grant number U01AI069924 (GW and MJV), the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse
and Alcoholism under grant numbers K01AA026523 (JCK) and P01AA029540 (AS, JCK, and
MJV), and the Fogarty International Center at the United States National Institutes
of Health under grant number K01TW009998 (MJV). Additional support came from the University
of Alabama (UAB) Center for AIDS Research P30 AI027767 (MJV) and Sparkman Center for
Global Health (AH and JT). The funders had no role in study design, data collection
and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Nutrition
Subject:
Diet
Subject:
Alcohol Consumption
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Nutrition
Subject:
Diet
Subject:
Alcohol Consumption
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Addiction
Subject:
Alcoholism
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Addiction
Subject:
Alcoholism
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Mental Health and Psychiatry
Subject:
Substance-Related Disorders
Subject:
Alcoholism
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Public and Occupational Health
Subject:
Substance-Related Disorders
Subject:
Alcoholism
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Geographical Locations
Subject:
Africa
Subject:
Zambia
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Antiviral Therapy
Subject:
Antiretroviral Therapy
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Antiviral Therapy
Subject:
Antiretroviral Therapy
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Public and Occupational Health
Subject:
Preventive Medicine
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Antiviral Therapy
Subject:
Antiretroviral Therapy
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
Subject:
Diagnostic medicine
Subject:
HIV diagnosis and management
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
HIV epidemiology
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical microbiology
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Hepatitis viruses
Subject:
Hepatitis B virus
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
Subject:
Pathology and laboratory medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Hepatitis viruses
Subject:
Hepatitis B virus
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Hepatitis viruses
Subject:
Hepatitis B virus
