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      Thermophilic Moorella thermoacetica as a platform microorganism for C1 gas utilization: physiology, engineering, and applications

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          Abstract

          In the context of the rapid development of low-carbon economy, there has been increasing interest in utilizing naturally abundant and cost-effective one-carbon (C1) substrates for sustainable production of chemicals and fuels. Moorella thermoacetica, a model acetogenic bacterium, has attracted significant attention due to its ability to utilize carbon dioxide (CO 2) and carbon monoxide (CO) via the Wood–Ljungdahl (WL) pathway, thereby showing great potential for the utilization of C1 gases. However, natural strains of M. thermoacetica are not yet fully suitable for industrial applications due to their limitations in carbon assimilation and conversion efficiency as well as limited product range. Over the past decade, progresses have been made in the development of genetic tools for M. thermoacetica, accelerating the understanding and modification of this acetogen. Here, we summarize the physiological and metabolic characteristics of M. thermoacetica and review the recent advances in engineering this bacterium. Finally, we propose the future directions for exploring the real potential of M. thermoacetica in industrial applications.

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          Old acetogens, new light.

          Anita S Gössner, Fred Drake, Thomas Daniel (2008)
          Acetogens utilize the acetyl-CoA Wood-Ljungdahl pathway as a terminal electron-accepting, energy-conserving, CO(2)-fixing process. The decades of research to resolve the enzymology of this pathway (1) preceded studies demonstrating that acetogens not only harbor a novel CO(2)-fixing pathway, but are also ecologically important, and (2) overshadowed the novel microbiological discoveries of acetogens and acetogenesis. The first acetogen to be isolated, Clostridium aceticum, was reported by Klaas Tammo Wieringa in 1936, but was subsequently lost. The second acetogen to be isolated, Clostridium thermoaceticum, was isolated by Francis Ephraim Fontaine and co-workers in 1942. C. thermoaceticum became the most extensively studied acetogen and was used to resolve the enzymology of the acetyl-CoA pathway in the laboratories of Harland Goff Wood and Lars Gerhard Ljungdahl. Although acetogenesis initially intrigued few scientists, this novel process fostered several scientific milestones, including the first (14)C-tracer studies in biology and the discovery that tungsten is a biologically active metal. The acetyl-CoA pathway is now recognized as a fundamental component of the global carbon cycle and essential to the metabolic potentials of many different prokaryotes. The acetyl-CoA pathway and variants thereof appear to be important to primary production in certain habitats and may have been the first autotrophic process on earth and important to the evolution of life. The purpose of this article is to (1) pay tribute to those who discovered acetogens and acetogenesis, and to those who resolved the acetyl-CoA pathway, and (2) highlight the ecology and physiology of acetogens within the framework of their scientific roots.
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            Autotrophy at the thermodynamic limit of life: a model for energy conservation in acetogenic bacteria.

            Volker Müller, K Schuchmann (2014)
            Life on earth evolved in the absence of oxygen with inorganic gases as potential sources of carbon and energy. Among the alternative mechanisms for carbon dioxide (CO₂) fixation in the living world, only the reduction of CO₂ by the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, which is used by acetogenic bacteria, complies with the two requirements to sustain life: conservation of energy and production of biomass. However, how energy is conserved in acetogenic bacteria has been an enigma since their discovery. In this Review, we discuss the latest progress on the biochemistry and genetics of the energy metabolism of model acetogens, elucidating how these bacteria couple CO₂ fixation to energy conservation.
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              Third-generation biorefineries as the means to produce fuels and chemicals from CO2

              Zihe Liu, Kai Wang, Yun Chen … (2020)
              Article 0 comments Cited 112 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yang Gu:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-8579
                ygu@cemps.ac.cn
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Bioresour Bioprocess
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Bioresour Bioprocess
                Title: Bioresources and Bioprocessing
                Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore (Singapore )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2197-4365
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 September 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 15 September 2023
                Publication date Collection: December 2023
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 61
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.9227.e, ISNI 0000000119573309, CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, , Chinese Academy of Sciences, ; Shanghai, 200032 China
                [2 ]University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, ( https://ror.org/05qbk4x57) Beijing, 100049 China
                [3 ]Shanghai GTLB Biotech Co., Ltd, 1688 North Guoquan Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-8579
                Article
                Publisher ID: 682
                DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00682-z
                PMC ID: 10992200
                SO-VID: 218bfd82-c73c-46c9-b0bc-283d41c99092
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2023
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 27 June 2023
                Date accepted : 29 August 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: The National Key R&D Program of China
                Award ID: 2021YFC2103500
                Award ID: 2018YFA0901500
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality
                Award ID: 21DZ1209100
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: DNL Cooperation Fund, CAS
                Award ID: DNL202013
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project
                Award ID: TSBICIP-KJGG-016
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 2023

                Keywords: moorella thermoacetica,c1 gases,physiology and metabolism,genetic tools,strain improvements
                Data availability:
                Keywords: moorella thermoacetica, c1 gases, physiology and metabolism, genetic tools, strain improvements

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