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      Health Benefits and Molecular Mechanisms of Resveratrol: A Narrative Review

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          Abstract

          Resveratrol is a bioactive compound in many foods. Since its anticancer activity was reported in 1997, its health benefits have been intensively investigated. Resveratrol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, glucose and lipid regulatory, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular protective effects, therefore, can protect against diverse chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, liver diseases, obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. This review summarizes the main findings of resveratrol-related health benefits in recent epidemiological surveys, experimental studies, and clinical trials, highlighting its related molecular mechanisms. Resveratrol, therefore, has been regarded as a potent candidate for the development of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals to prevent and treat certain chronic diseases.

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          Estrogen signaling and cardiovascular disease.

          Elizabeth Murphy (2011)
          Estrogen has pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system. The mechanisms by which estrogen confers these pleiotropic effects are undergoing active investigation. Until a decade ago, all estrogen signaling was thought to occur by estrogen binding to nuclear estrogen receptors (estrogen receptor-α and estrogen receptor-β), which bind to DNA and function as ligand-activated transcription factors. Estrogen binding to the receptor alters gene expression, thereby altering cell function. Estrogen also binds to nuclear estrogen receptors that are tethered to the plasma membrane, resulting in acute activation of signaling kinases such as PI3K. An orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, G-protein-coupled receptor 30, can also bind estrogen and activate acute signaling pathways. Thus, estrogen can alter cell function by binding to different estrogen receptors. This article reviews the different estrogen receptors and their signaling mechanisms, discusses mechanisms that regulate estrogen receptor levels and locations, and considers the cardiovascular effects of estrogen signaling.
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            Inverse association between habitual polyphenol intake and incidence of cardiovascular events in the PREDIMED study.

            A Tresserra-Rimbau, E B Rimm, A. Medina‐Remón … (2014)
            Epidemiologic and biological evidence supports an inverse association between polyphenol consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, no previous studies have prospectively evaluated the relationship between polyphenol intake and the incidence of CVD in such a comprehensive way. The aim was to evaluate the association between intakes of total polyphenol and polyphenol subgroups, and the risk of major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke or death from cardiovascular causes) in the PREDIMED study.
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              Dietary Sources and Bioactivities of Melatonin

              Xiao Meng, Ya Qing Li, Sha Li … (2017)
              Insomnia is a serious worldwide health threat, affecting nearly one third of the general population. Melatonin has been reported to improve sleep efficiency and it was found that eating melatonin-rich foods could assist sleep. During the last decades, melatonin has been widely identified and qualified in various foods from fungi to animals and plants. Eggs and fish are higher melatonin-containing food groups in animal foods, whereas in plant foods, nuts are with the highest content of melatonin. Some kinds of mushrooms, cereals and germinated legumes or seeds are also good dietary sources of melatonin. It has been proved that the melatonin concentration in human serum could significantly increase after the consumption of melatonin containing food. Furthermore, studies show that melatonin exhibits many bioactivities, such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory characteristics, boosting immunity, anticancer activity, cardiovascular protection, anti-diabetic, anti-obese, neuroprotective and anti-aging activity. This review summaries the dietary sources and bioactivities of melatonin, with special attention paid to the mechanisms of action.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Foods
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Foods
                Journal ID (publisher-id): foods
                Title: Foods
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2304-8158
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 March 2020
                Publication date Collection: March 2020
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: 340
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; mengx7@ 123456mail2.sysu.edu.cn (X.M.); lihuabin@ 123456mail.sysu.edu.cn (H.-B.L.)
                [2 ]School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; hy0208035@ 123456hainmc.edu.cn
                [3 ]Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; zhaocn@ 123456hku.hk
                [4 ]Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: ganrenyou@ 123456caas.cn ; Tel.: +86-28-8020-3191
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4162-1511
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2332-8554
                Article
                Publisher ID: foods-09-00340
                DOI: 10.3390/foods9030340
                PMC ID: 7143620
                PubMed ID: 32183376
                SO-VID: 209dfea5-b765-47a0-9a3c-09d34bce4fe6
                Copyright © © 2020 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 05 February 2020
                Date accepted : 12 March 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: resveratrol,bioactivities,anticancer,anti-obesity,antidiabetes,molecular mechanisms
                Data availability:
                Keywords: resveratrol, bioactivities, anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetes, molecular mechanisms

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