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      Administration of the Hyper-immune Bovine Colostrum Extract IMM-124E Ameliorates Experimental Murine Colitis

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="d5481007e159">Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is accompanied by lesions in the epithelial barrier, which allow translocation of bacterial products from the gut lumen to the host's circulation. IMM-124E is a colostrum-based product containing high levels of anti-E.coli-LPS IgG, and might limit exposure to bacterial endotoxins. Here, we investigated whether IMM-124E can ameliorate intestinal inflammation. </p>

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          Most cited references51

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          Functions of natural killer cells.

          Natural killer (NK) cells are effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system that control several types of tumors and microbial infections by limiting their spread and subsequent tissue damage. Recent research highlights the fact that NK cells are also regulatory cells engaged in reciprocal interactions with dendritic cells, macrophages, T cells and endothelial cells. NK cells can thus limit or exacerbate immune responses. Although NK cells might appear to be redundant in several conditions of immune challenge in humans, NK cell manipulation seems to hold promise in efforts to improve hematopoietic and solid organ transplantation, promote antitumor immunotherapy and control inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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            Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine.

            The distal human intestine represents an anaerobic bioreactor programmed with an enormous population of bacteria, dominated by relatively few divisions that are highly diverse at the strain/subspecies level. This microbiota and its collective genomes (microbiome) provide us with genetic and metabolic attributes we have not been required to evolve on our own, including the ability to harvest otherwise inaccessible nutrients. New studies are revealing how the gut microbiota has coevolved with us and how it manipulates and complements our biology in ways that are mutually beneficial. We are also starting to understand how certain keystone members of the microbiota operate to maintain the stability and functional adaptability of this microbial organ.
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              Regional specialization within the intestinal immune system.

              The intestine represents the largest compartment of the immune system. It is continually exposed to antigens and immunomodulatory agents from the diet and the commensal microbiota, and it is the port of entry for many clinically important pathogens. Intestinal immune processes are also increasingly implicated in controlling disease development elsewhere in the body. In this Review, we detail the anatomical and physiological distinctions that are observed in the small and large intestines, and we suggest how these may account for the diversity in the immune apparatus that is seen throughout the intestine. We describe how the distribution of innate, adaptive and innate-like immune cells varies in different segments of the intestine and discuss the environmental factors that may influence this. Finally, we consider the implications of regional immune specialization for inflammatory disease in the intestine.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Crohn's and Colitis
                Oxford University Press (OUP)
                1873-9946
                1876-4479
                June 2019
                May 27 2019
                December 12 2018
                June 2019
                May 27 2019
                December 12 2018
                : 13
                : 6
                : 785-797
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
                [2 ]Immuron Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
                [3 ]Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
                [4 ]Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
                Article
                10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy213
                30590526
                1fc58af6-f192-4b3c-be10-c2f797e14ebf
                © 2018

                https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model

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