Ratiometric fluorescence detection of anthrax biomarker 2,6-dipicolinic acid using hetero MOF sensors through ligand regulation

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Abstract

Three hetero Eu/Tb-MOFs and their test paper are quantitative ratiometric fluorescence sensors to anthrax biomarker 2,6-dipicolinic acid with high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid response and convenience.

Abstract

2,6-Dipicolinic acid (DPA) is an anthrax biomarker, whose detection is in great need. This work presented nine MOFs of three series containing three ligands of 2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid (H ₂NDC), 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (H ₂BPDC), and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate acid (H ₂BDC): six single Ln-MOFs (Ln = Eu ³⁺ ( 1, 4 and 7) and Tb ³⁺ ( 2, 5 and 8)) and three hetero Eu/Tb-MOFs ( 3, 6, and 9). This work aimed at ligand regulation of the fluorescence properties and DPA detection. The solid-state emissions of 3, 6, and 9 can be assigned to the characteristic transitions of Eu ³⁺ ( ⁵D ₀ → ⁷F _J ( J = 1–4)) and/or Tb ³⁺ ( ⁵D ₄ → ⁷F _J ( J = 6–3)). The hetero MOFs were applied as fluorescence sensors in DPA detection. The fluorescence and DPA detection performances of 3, 6 and 9 are related to the energy differences between the ligands/DPA and Ln ³⁺, showing the effect of ligand energy regulation and the competition between the three ligands and DPA. The detection performances of 3, 6 and 9 show linear responses of I _Tb/ I _Eu vs. DPA concentration with the limit of detections of 0.248 μM ( 3), 0.874 μM ( 6), and 2.277 μM ( 9). Seven interferents did not affect the DPA detection using 3, 6 and 9. Time-dependent fluorescence measurement suggested that 3, 6 and 9 responded very fast to DPA. High recoveries in the DPA detection of 3, 6 and 9 in human serum (93.96 to 108.84%) indicated their high reliabilities. The paper-based MOF sensors of 3, 6 and 9 could display emission color changes depending on C _DPA, which offers a fast field detection method for DPA.

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